几种常用杀虫剂对日本食蚧蚜小蜂的毒性

The Toxicities of Several Common Insecticides on Coccophagus japonicus Compere

橡副珠蜡蚧(Parasaissetia nigra Nietner)和六点始叶螨(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Riley)是橡胶树的重要害虫,为协调其药剂防治与天敌(日本食蚧蚜小蜂)利用,在室内采用药膜法和喷雾法测定了6种常用杀虫(杀螨)剂对日本食蚧蚜小蜂的毒力。结果表明:噻嗪酮、三氟氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素等3种药剂喷药后24 h成蜂死亡率均为100%,而螺虫乙酯、氟啶虫酰胺药后24 h成蜂死亡率为2.61%~17.39%;6种药剂处理日本食蚧蚜小蜂的蛹后,其羽化率由高到低的顺序为:氟啶虫酰胺>螺虫乙酯>噻嗪酮>阿维菌素>三氟氯氰菊酯>溴氰菊酯,羽化后成虫寿命最长为螺虫乙酯1 500倍液处理(23.89 d),最短为溴氰菊酯1 500倍液处理(0 d);用6种药剂处理日本食蚧蚜小蜂的高龄幼虫后,其羽化率由高到低的顺序为:螺虫乙酯>氟啶虫酰胺>溴氰菊酯>阿维菌素>三氟氯氰菊酯=噻嗪酮,羽化后成虫寿命以氟啶虫酰胺2 500倍液处理最长,为18.80 d;药剂处理后日本食蚧蚜小蜂的寄生率及产卵量由高到低的顺序为:噻嗪酮>阿维菌素>三氟氯氰菊酯>氟啶虫酰胺>螺虫乙酯>溴氰菊酯。因此,以成蜂死亡率、蛹羽化率、成虫寿命和产卵量等生物参数为评判,推荐使用氟啶虫酰胺螺虫乙酯防治橡副珠蜡蚧。

Parasaissetia nigra Nietner and Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Riley are two serious pests on rubber tree. To study the coordinating utilizations of insecticides and natural enemies, the toxicities of six common insecticides （miticide） to Coccophagus japonicus Compere were tested by residual film and foliar spray in the laboratory. The results showed that the mortalities of adult parasitoids were all 100% treated by Buprofezin, Cyhalothrin and Abamectin after 24 hours, but the mortalities was 2.16% and 17.39%, respectively treated by Spirotetramat and Flonicamid. The order of eclosion rates of the C. japonicus pupa treated by the six pesticides as flows： Flonicamid〉Spirotetramat〉Buprofezin〉Abamectin〉Cyhalothrin〉D eltamethrin. Adults emerging from pupae got the highest life span （23.89 d） under the treatment of 1 500 fold Spirotetramat solution and the lowest life span （0 d） with 1 500 fold Deltamethrin solution. The order of eclosion rates of the C. japonicus old larva treated by six pesticides as flows： Spirotetramat〉Flonicamid〉Deltamethrin〉Abamectin. Adults emerging from old larva got the highest life span （18.8 d） under the treatment of 2 500 fold Flonicamid solution. The order of parasitic rates and fecundities of adult C. japonicus from high to low was Buprofezin Abamectin Cyhalothrin〉Flonicamid〉Spirotetramat〉D eltamethrin. In conclusion, we used the mortality, eclosion rates, life span and fecundity of adult C. japonicus as biological standards and recommended using Flonicamid and Spirotetramat to control P. nigra.