SCM协定下我国当前可再生能源补贴措施问题分析

An Analysis of Current Issues of Subsidies for Renewable Energy in China under SCM Agreement

当前我国可再生能源补贴措施存在着许多问题,诸如某些措施的法律专向性明显或有些措施在施行中构成了事实上的专向性。中国有关风能设备措施一案是当前我国可再生能源产业发展的一个缩影,从侧面反映出我国发展可再生能源进程中所面临的困境,即发展可再生能源产业的急迫性导致补贴措施的不规范,进而产生贸易纠纷。我国应在借鉴发达国家在这一领域经验的基础上并结合我国可再生能源发展的实际情况,反思当前可再生能源补贴领域存在的问题,并积极做出回应:在国内层面,制定合理合规的补贴政策,严格规避补贴的专向性;实施过程中引入竞争性补贴政策,制定出完善的竞争程序和规则,设计科学的补贴标准和方式。同时,政府应构建统一的多层次补贴措施体系,采用多元化的补贴方式,降低被诉风险;在国际层面,政府应着力推动世贸组织完善补贴规则,激活环保补贴规则,力求在避免贸易保护的前提下实现环境保护的目的。

At present, there are some issues in China＇s subsidies for renewable energy. For instance, de jure specificity of subsidy measures is obvious and de facto specificity exists in the process of implementation of some measures. The case of China-Measures concerning wind power equipment is a microcosm of the current development of renewable energy industry in China. It reflects the dilemma China faces in the process of developing renewable energy. That is, the urgency of developing renewable energy industry leads to the lack of the standardization of subsidy measures and further result in trade disputes. Based on the experience of the developed countries in this field and the actual situation of renewable energy development in China, the government should rethink the current problems in the field of subsidies for renewable energy and respond positively to them. On the domestic level, the government should formulate the reasonable subsidy policies to avoid specific subsidies strictly, and the competitive subsidy policy should be introduced in the process of implementati on as well as the sound competition procedure and rules to develop renewable energy in compliance with WTO rules. At the same time, the government should establish a unified system of muhilevel subsidy measures and adopt diversified subsidies to reduce the risk of being sued. On the international level, the government should make every effort to promote the WTO to improve the subsidy rules and activate the rules of environmental subsidy in order to protect the environment under the premise of avoiding trade protection.