内生真菌苦马豆素生物合成研究进展

Research ProgressofSwainsonineBiosynthesis in Endophytic Fungi

指出了苦马豆素(Swainsonine,SW)是一种有毒的吲哚里兹啶生物碱,含有SW的棘豆属和黄芪属植物统称为疯草,牲畜过量采食疯草中毒,引起畜牧业的巨大损失。SW具有抗肿瘤和免疫调节的医学作用,但人工合成SW价格较高,因此利用生物合成SW也有重要价值。从SW来源及理化性质、作用机理、提取检测方法,疯草内生真菌SW及其生物合成途径研究进展等方面进行综述,为明晰SW合成途径、控制疯草蔓延及发挥SW的医疗作用提供参考。

Swainsonine（SW）is a toxic indolizidine alkaloid.Oxytropis and Astragaluswhich contain SW are referred to locoweeds.Excessive consumption oflocoweedsby livestockcan lead to poisoning thencauses hugeeconomic losses.SW also has antitumor and immunomodulatory activity in the medical field.Since artificial synthesis of SW is expensive,it is valuable to utilize the SW biosynthetic.This paper mainly summarizes SW progress in source and physicochemical properties,the mechanism of action,extraction and detection methods,the endophytic fungi in locoweed and their biosynthetic pathways in order to offer reference for further understanding of SW biosynthesis.It is also helpful for controlling locoweed spread and playing a role in pharmaceutical and chemical industry.