基于水足迹理论的内蒙古1990～2016年水资源评价

Evaluation of water resource in Inner Mongolia from 1990 to 2016 based on water footprint theory

水足迹是基于消费基础的水资源占用情况的指示器,能深刻揭示社会经济系统对水资源的真实消费,为水资源的科学管理提供了新视角。文中采用自下而上的水足迹法,从时空范畴的角度出发,对内蒙古水资源状况进行了定量分析与评价。结果表明:1990~2016年内蒙古水资源总量和人均量的波动趋势总体一致,人均水足迹增长了131.88m3/人,虚拟水足迹占优势地位,未超出水资源承载力范围;各盟(市)的人均水足迹差异显著,巴彦淖尔的最小,阿拉善的最大,且实体水足迹中农业用水占比较大;除呼伦贝尔、通辽、兴安盟和锡林郭勒外,各盟(市)水资源利用均处于超载状态。内蒙古水资源的时空分配极不平衡,协调各盟(市)间的用水关系和优化用水结构迫在眉睫。

Water footprint is based on the consumption of water resources utilization,which provides a new perspective for the scientific management of water resources,to reveal the social and economic system on real consumption of water resources.From the perspectives of time and space,we quantitatively analyzed and valuated its water supply-demand situation by the bottom-to-top method.The result shows that the tendency of total and per capita water resource in Inner Mongolia were accordant and the per capita water footprint increased by 131.88 m3 per capita from 1990 to 2016,and the water resources carrying capacity was not overloaded and the virtual water footprint played the dominant role.The per capita water footprint of Bayan Nur was the minimum,and the per capita water footprint of Alxa was the maximum; water footprint of agriculture water played the dominant role; in other leagues（ cities）,except Hulunbuir,Tongliao,Hinggan and Xilingol,the utilization of water resources were overloaded.It＇s significant to coordinate the relation and optimize the structure of water utilization among leagues（ cities）,which can solve the problem of its uneven distribution.