高强度军事训练对官兵心血管系统的影响

Effects of high intensity military training on cardiovascular system of military personnel

目的探讨高强度军事训练时官兵心血管系统改变的特点。方法选取170例某集团军参训官兵为主要研究对象,其中高强度组100例,对照组70例。于军事训练结束后检测各组血皮质醇(COR)、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、人心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP),并进行疲劳评定量表的调研。进一步对高强度组40名及对照组36名官兵采集血压和心电图进行血压值、各种心律失常及心率变异性(HRV)的分析。结果高强度军事训练可导致应激相关指标COR及炎症相关指标hs-CRP水平明显升高(P<0.05)。高强度组心肌损伤标记物cTnT及H-FABP水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。高强度组总体血压及疲劳程度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组严重室性心律失常的发生率均较低(P=1.000),高强度组平均心率、总心搏数、房性早搏个数、室性早搏个数、窦性心律不齐及间歇性二度I型房室传导阻滞的发生率均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),高强度组HRV降低(P<0.01)。结论高强度军事训练可使机体处于急性应激和炎症状态,导致心肌损伤,加重官兵疲劳程度,同时伴随着血压的升高,HRV减低,各种心律失常发生率增加。

Objective To explore the changes of cardiovascular system of militar y personnel during highly intensive training. Methods One hundred and seventy officers and soldiers were as research subjects, including 100 individuals in highintensity group and 70 in control group. The levels of serum cortisol（COR）, high sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP）, cardiacspecific Troponin T（cTnT） and human heart fatty acid binding protein（H-FABP） were measured when military training ended. All subjects were tested with fatigue assessment instrument（FAI）. The data of blood pressure and electrocardiogram were collected from 40 individuals randomly selected from high-intensity group and 36 from control group before and after training for analyzing the blood pressure, arrhythmia and heart rate variability（HRV）. Results The levels of COR（indicator related to stress） and hs-CRP（indicator related to inflammation） were significantly higher in high intensity group than in control group（P〈0.05）. Highly intensive training can lead to the emergence of myocardial micro-injury, the levels of cTnT and H-FABP were obviously higher than those in control group（P〈0.01）, and the mean blood pressure and the severity of fatigue status were significantly higher than those in control group（P〈0.05）. The incidence of severe ventricular arrhythmia was lower in both groups（P=1.000）. The average heart rate, total heart beats, total number of atrial premature beat, total number of ventricular premature beat, the incidence of sinus arrhythmia and intermittent second degree type I atrioventricular block were significantly higher in high intensity group than in control group（P〈0.05）. The HRV of high intensity group was obviously decreased（P〈0.01）. Conclusion Highly intensive training may induce the military personnel into the state of acute stress and inflammation, which may lead to myocardial injury, increase severity of fatigue status, accompanied with the rise of blood pressure, low HRV and increased incidence of various arrhythmias.