对外政策话语建构的语料库驱动分析方法--以美国奥巴马政府的对外政策话语为例

Corpus-Driven Approach to Discursive Construction Study of Foreign Policy——Exemplified by Foreign Policy Discourse of Obama Adiminstration

话语建构是对外政策研究的重要视角之一。近年来,对外政策的话语建构研究呈现出跨学科的特点,本文采用语言学领域的语料库驱动方法,以美国奥巴马政府的对外政策话语为例,对对外政策话语建构现象进行研究。结果显示,该时期美国对外政策话语体现了建构国家身份,重塑国家形象;界定敌对身份,建构共同威胁;突出美国主导,推崇多边合作三个方面的特征。语料库驱动的对外政策话语分析方法具有客观性、准确性、全面性、操作性强等特点。该方法的应用需遵循以大型外交语料库或大规模真实语料为依据,搭配词计算与索引行分析相结合以及言内语境和言外语境相结合的原则。

Discursive construction is one of important perspectives in foreign policy research. In recent years, studies of discursive construction of foreign policy have shown the feature of interdisciplinarity. This paper focuses on the application of linguistics corpus-driven approach in the discursive construction analysis of Obama Adminstration＇s foreign policy. It is found that America＇s foreign policy discourse in this period is characterized by constructing its positive national identity and image,establishing hostile identities and common threat, highlighting America＇s dominance and advocating multilaterial cooperation. Corpus-driven approach is objective, accurate, comprehensive and workable. And the application of this approach should be based the adoption of large diplomatic corpus and the combination of collocation calculation and index analysis as well as the combination of intra-linguistic context and extra -linguistic context.