城市中老年人群肿瘤与饮食关系信念及其与饮食行为关系

Cancer-related dietary belief and its association with dietary behaviors among urban middle-aged and elderly populations

目的了解城市中老年人群肿瘤与饮食关系信念及与饮食行为关系,为开展饮食行为干预提供参考依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,于2016年7—8月在安徽省合肥市抽取2 387名≥40岁人群进行面访调查;采用简单求和法计算肿瘤与饮食关系信念总指数及5个子维度的分指数,通过方差分析比较不同饮食行为居民间的信念得分差异。结果合肥市城市中老年人群食用蔬菜≥2次/天者占70.9%,食用水果≥3次/周者占55.6%,食用红肉≥3次/周者占62.3%,食用粗粮≥3次/周者占45.9%,食用腌晒食品≥14次/月者占23.6%,食用熏烤食品≥1次/月者占6.2%,食用油炸食品≥7次/月者占4.9%,食用剩饭剩菜≥14次/月者占46.0%,自感食油摄入量较多者占20.7%,自感食盐摄入量较多者占16.1%;隔0~1 d吃大蒜者仅占28.7%;城市中老年人群肿瘤与饮食行为关系信念总分为(7.90±1.38)分,易感性认知、严重性认知、有效性认知、收益性认知和障碍性认知5个维度得分分别为(8.14±0.92)、(7.61±1.35)、(7.59±1.15)、(8.60±1.45)和(8.59±1.76)分;合肥市不同特征城市中老年人群比较,不同年龄、文化程度和职业中老年人群的关系信念总分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001),不同水果食用频次、粗粮食用频次、腌晒食品食用频次、剩饭剩菜食用频次和食用大蒜频率中老年人群的关系信念总分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。结论合肥市城市中老年人群饮食习惯仍需进一步改进;中老年人群饮食行为不同,其肿瘤与饮食行为关系信念得分亦不同。

Objective To examine cancer-related dietary belief and its association with dietary behaviors among urban middle-aged and elderly residents and to provide references for implementing dietary intervention among the population.Methods Using cluster random sampling, we interviewed 2 387 residents aged 40 years and older face-to-face in Hefei city of Anhui province from July to August 2016. We adopted simple summation method to calculate overall score and five dimensional scores of cancer-related dietary belief and conducted analysis of variance （ANOVA） to evaluate differences in those scores among the participants with various dietary behaviors.Results The proportions of the participants reporting consumption frequencies of various kinds of food were as following：70.9% for eating vegetables 2 times or more per day; 55.6%, 62.3%, and 45.9% for eating fruits, red meat, and coarse grains at least 3 times a week; 23.6% for eating pickled or dried food at least 14 times a month; 6.2% for eating smoked food at least once a month; 4.9% for eating fried food at least 7 times a month; 46.0% for eating leftover food at least 14 times a month; 20.7% for taking too much oil; 16.1% for taking too much salt; and 28.7% for eating garlic every day or every other day, respectively. The average overall cancer-related dietary belief score was 7.90 ±1.38, and the scores of five-dimensional awareness perceived were 8.14 ±0.92 for susceptibility, 7.61 ±1.35 for severity, 7.59 ±1.15 for validity, 8.60 ±1.45 for benefit, and 8.59 ±1.76 for barrier. The overall score of cancer-related dietary belief of the participants differed significantly by age, education level, and occupation （P 〈 0.001 for all）; and the overall score was significantly different among the participants reporting various frequencies for consumptions of fruit, coarse grain, pickled or dried food, leftover food, and garlic （all P 〈 0.001）.Conclusion Cancer-related dietary behaviors need to be improved and cancer-related dietary belief is influenced by dietary behaviors among urban middle-aged and elderly residents in Hefei city.