典型模拟电路低剂量率辐照损伤增强效应的研究与评估

Estimation of low-dose-rate degradation on bipolar linear circuits using different accelerated evaluation methods

采用变剂量率和变温两种辐照方法,对4款典型模拟电路的低剂量率辐照损伤特性及变化规律进行了研究与评估,分析了两种辐照方法下其辐照敏感参数的变化,比较了不同辐照方式下器件的退化程度,讨论了这两种实验室加速评估低剂量率辐照损伤方法的机理.结果显示,变剂量率辐照可以较快地预测实际低剂量率下的辐照损伤趋势,且在较低的总剂量下能够给出不太保守的估计,但其预测的总剂量受到器件退化速度的影响;变温辐照加速评估方法能够保守地估计其低剂量率下的辐照损伤,其评估范围不仅可达1000 Gy(Si),且可将评估时间缩短为12 h左右.研究结果表明,双极电路的低剂量率辐照损伤增强效应与感生的界面态密度和氢化的氧空位缺陷有关,辐照时剂量率和温度的改变会促进界面态的生长,抑制界面态的钝化作用,从而激发器件的辐照损伤潜能.

The linear bipolar devices and integrated circuits （ICs） which are subjected to ionizing radiation exhibit parametric degradations due to current-gain decrease, and the amount of degradation on various types of bipolar devices is much more significant at low-dose-rate than at high-dose-rate. Such an enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity （ELDRS） is con- sidered to be one of the major challenges for radiation-tolerance testing intended for space systems. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore an efficient and practical test for the ELDRS in the linear bipolar devices and ICs. The different experiments have been implemented on four types of bipolar ICs for evaluating their responses to low-dose-rate irradiation. The experiments involve the dose rate switching approach performed under high to low-dose-rate irradiation and temperature switching approach performed under high to low temperature irradiation. Good agreement is observed between predictive curves obtained at dose rate switching irradiation and the low-dose-rate results, and the irradiation time for the dose rate switching approach is reduced from 4 months to a week. F^rther, the results also suggest that the device degradation rate can affect the prediction of the total dose. This is because the curves examined at different doses have a lot of overlap when the devices with fast degradation rates are performed. In addition to temperature switching irradiation, the radiation response of the same type of device is much more significant than that obtained in low-dose rate irradiation, and this method will shorten the irradiation time to 12 h. Based on the analysis of mechanisms behind the switched dose rate and temperature irradiation, switching temperature irradiation can accelerate the release of protons and buildup of interface traps, which is the key physical mechanism for ELDRS. Firstly, a higher irradiation temperature can enhance the transport of holes and release of protons to form interface traps, resulting in the enhanced degradation occurring at first dose examined. Further, the reducing temperature sequence suppresses the hydrogen dimerization process during the irradiation that follows, which is strongly temperature dependent and contributes to interface trap annealing. Moreover, further decrease in temperature can restrict the interface trap annealing because the barrier for this process is higher and it has less opportunity to take place at lower temperature. Additionally, the hydro- gen molecules converted from hydrogen dimerization may extend the liberation of protons, by the hydrogen molecules cracking mechanisms, leading to the additional degradation. Therefore, the temperature switching irradiation is shown to be a conservative and efficient method for ELDRS in bipolar devices, and this provides an insight into hardness assurance testing.