对学术论文撤销的思考——基于万方数据库和PubMed数据库

Thoughts about Retraction of Academic Articles: Based on Wanfang Database and PubM ed Database

文章收集万方和Pub Med数据库中被撤销论文的撤销时间、第一作者所在国家及地区、撤销原因等,进行统计学分析和排序研究,并提出应对学术论文撤销的措施。在设定检索时段内,在万方和Pub Med数据库中,分别检索到40篇与178篇被撤销论文。两家数据库被撤销论文的年份分布构成比比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.297)。万方数据库中,被撤销论文前三位的地区分别为北京、广东、湖南。Pub Med数据库中,中国被撤销论文数量最多,超过总撤稿量的三分之一,被撤销论文前三位的地区分别为上海、北京、广东。两家数据库论文被撤销的前三大原因,均分别为损害他人著作权或知识产权,一稿多投及数据/图、表重复发表,差错。然后,就应对我国学术论文撤销的严峻形势,我们提出建议,分别从国家层面、编辑层面、编辑部层面和数据库层面采取措施,遏制论文发表中的学术行为不端。

In this paper, the time of retraction, the country and local area of the first author, and the reasons of retraction were analyzed based on 40 and 178 being retracted academic articles retrieved in Wanfang and Pub Med Database respectively. There was no significant difference between the two databases in the ratio of year distribution of retracted articles（P=0.297）. In Wanfang Database, the top three areas with large quantity of retracted articles were Beijing, Guangdong and Hunan. In Pub Med Database, China was the country with the largest quantity of retracted articles which mainly concentrated in Shanghai, Beijing and Guangdong. In the two databases, the most three reasons of retraction were damaging the others＇ copyright or intellectual property rights, duplicate submission and duplicate publication of data or graphs, and errors. The situation of retraction of academic articles in China was severe. Efforts must be made by editors, database publishers and the related institutions to reduce the negative impacts.