2013-2017年医院感染现患率调查分析

Investigation and analysis of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections from 2013 to 2017

目的掌握2013-2017年医院感染现患率的变化趋势及基本分布情况,为提高医院感染管理水平提供参考依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法,对2013-2017年对医院住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查工作,分析医院感染部位构成、医院感染病原菌分布特点及不同年龄组的医院感染现患率。结果 2013-2017年住院患者应查11 764例,实查11 694例,实查率为99.40%,5次现患率调查的医院感染现患率为2.15%~4.66%,平均医院感染现患率为3.08%;医院感染部位以下呼吸道感染121例占33.61%为主,医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌118株占80.82%为主,主要病原菌为鲍氏不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌;>70岁患者医院感染现患率最高为8.36%,20~29岁患者医院感染现患率最低为1.67%,随后随着年龄增长医院感染现患率不断升高(P=0.003)。结论医院感染现患率的调查可发现医院感染的高危感染部位、病原菌分布和年龄分布特点,以期为加强医院感染管理,有效控制医院感染的发生提供依据。

OBJECTIVE To describe the distribution and trends of prevalence rate of nosocomial infections from 2013 to 2017, so as to provide scientific theory for prevention and control of nosocomial infections. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed. The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections in the hospital for 2013--2017 were investigated. The constitute of nosocomial infection sites, pathogenic bacteria distribution characteristics and nosocomial infection rates among different age groups were analyzed. RESULTS There were 11674 cases of hospi- talized patients who should be checked from 2013 to 2017, and 11 694 patients were checked, With the check rate of 99.40%. The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections varied from 2.15% to 4.66% in these five years, and the average rate was 3.08%. The infection site was mostly in lower respiratory tract, which was 121 cases, accouting for 33.61%. The predominance pathogens were gram-negative bacteria, which was 118 strains, accouting for 80.82%. The main pathogenic bacteria were Acinetobacter baurnannii, Klebsiella pneurnoniae, andEscherichia coli. The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection in 70-age group was the highest（8.36 %）, in 20-age group was the lowest （1.67%）, and the rate increased with age. CONCLIJSlON The investigation of prevalence rate of nosocomi- al infections can find the high-risk infection sites, distribution of pathogens and age distribution characteristics of nosocomial infections, which can strengthen the nosocomial infection management, and provide the basis for effec- tive control of the incidence of nsocomial infections.