某市医务人员锐器伤发生状况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of the sharp injuries of medical staff in health care institution

目的通过调查获得甘肃省庆阳市锐器伤发生相关数据,为制定相应的预防措施、降低锐器伤发生率提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样,选择2016年7月期间庆阳市七县一区的8所二级及以上医疗机构和50所一级医疗机构的1 252名医务人员为调查对象,发放问卷,对回收问卷中的1 146名医务人员过去一年的锐器伤发生情况进行调查并分析结果。结果庆阳市医务人员锐器伤发生率为58.38%、发生例次率为140.84%、发生密度为11.74次/(人·月),均处于较高水平;不同性别、职业、年龄、文化程度、工作年限和医院等级的医务人员,锐器伤发生率均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);锐器伤发生环节最多的是双手回套针帽、使用手术缝针、将锐器放入锐器盒,发生地点最多的是治疗室、普通病房、手术室,所涉及器械最多的是一次性注射器、头皮钢针、手术缝针;培训次数越多,医院提供锐器盒,防护意识增强,锐器伤的发生率逐渐降低(P<0.05)。结论庆阳市锐器伤发生水平处于较高水平,加强对重点人群、重要环节的培训,精准管理不同等级医院,完善上报流程和配置专项人员及机构,提高医务人员防护意识对降低锐器伤发生率十分重要。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relevant data of sharp injuries in Qingyang city, Gansu province, so as to provide the scientific basis for the corresponding preventive measures and reducing the incidence of sharp injuries. METHODS Stratified sampling was used to analyze the sharp injuries of 1252 medical staff in 8 grade two and 50 grade one medical institutions in the district of Qingyang city in Jul. 2016. Questionaires were issued to investigate and analyze the incidence of sharp injuries of 1146 medical staff in the recycling questionaire in the past year. RESULTS The sharp injuries incidence rate （58.38 %）, the case incidence rate （140.84 %） and the morbidity densi- ty （11.74 times/I-people · month]） were high in Qingyang city. The incidences of sharp injuries were significant with different genders, occupations, ages, education levels, years of work and hospital grades （P〈0.05）. The sharp injuries were occurred most in the processes of putting needle cap back, the use of surgical suture needle and putting the sharp instruments into the sharp-instrument-box. The most locations of sharp injuries were treatment rooms, common wards and operating room. Equipments involved in sharp injuries were disposable syringes, scalp steel needles and surgical suture needles. The better training, sharp boxes provided by the hospital, the enhanced protection awareness, and the incidences of sharp Injures were gradually decreased （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION The level of sharp injury of Qingyang city is high. It is important to strengthen the training of key crowd and im- portant process, improve precise management of different grades of hospitals, complete the reporting process, al- locate special persons and organizations, and improve medical personnel protection consciousness for reducing the incidence of sharps injuries.