我国土壤微生物学和生物固氮研究的回顾与展望

Retrospect and Prospect of Soil Microbiology and Biological Nitrogen Fixation Researches in China

论文简述了土壤微生物在地球化学循环中的巨大推动力 ,以及在农林牧业持续发展和人类生活、健康中的重要作用 ;介绍了 19世纪中期土壤微生物学诞生的时代背景及辉煌发展。新中国成立后 ,受党和国家的重视 ,在少数几位先驱者的推动下 ,迅速在全国范围开展了土壤微生物学教学和科学研究 ,取得很好成绩。文革期间 ,我们的工作停顿了 ,而此时的西方国家该学科正迅速发展 ,取得很多突破性成果。文革后国家给予了应有的支持 ,2 0多年来开展了多方面研究 ,取得可喜的成绩 ,个别方面走在了国际该领域的前沿 ,但从整体看 ,差距明显 ,主要是力量薄弱 ,资金不足和整体水平低。论文提出了学科发展的方向和建议。

This paper begins with an introductory account on microorganisms as driving forces in biogeochemical cycles, the important roles they play in sustainable agriculture and forestry, and life and health of human beings, as well as a short story about the dawn of soil microbiology and its development in the middle and late 19th Century. Remarkable achievements made since the foundation of new China are highlighted in the paper. Due to great concern of the central government for science and the instruction of a few pioneers in this discipline, teaching and research work on soil microbiology had been conducted nationwide and a great deal was achieved until 'cultural revolution' ,when almost all work was stopped,while research advanced rapidly and broke through in a number of directions in developped countries. When social upheaval was over in late 1970s, research in several aspects has been carried out well since and individual subject is already on the frontier of the discipline. However,comparing with the advanced countries we fall behind on the whole and still have a long way to go, with basic research in particular. Mainly there is lack of talented persons and funding. Active research areas are outlined,and suggestions are made by authors to future work on this discipline.