洛阳五郎庙村发现唐代鎏金铜造像

A Study on the Tang Dynasty Gilt Bronze Buddhist Figures Found in Wulangmiao Village, Luoyang

1974年4月,河南省洛阳市郊区李楼公社五郎庙村七队村民上交一批古代鎏金铜造像,据称是农民在取土时发现,估计是一处窖藏。这批鎏金铜造像除较残者外,基本完整者110余尊,从特征上看均为唐代之物。造像种类有佛、菩萨及天王,其中菩萨造像占绝大多数。佛像有立姿、坐姿和树状化佛三种。造像作树状,树冠分作五枝化佛和七枝化佛,每个化佛头顶部有一尖顶状饰物。菩萨像形态较多,有立姿和坐姿,左手举柳枝和右手举柳枝之分,背光形式为莲瓣形,但又有实心、空心以及周缘有突结等变化。天王像仅一件。洛阳唐代铜造像以往在墓葬或遗址中有零星发现,但一次发现鎏金铜造像数量达百余尊,在洛阳还是第一次,在全国范围内也是极少见的。无论是佛像还是菩萨、天王,均与洛阳所见唐代造像风格相近。

In April 1974, a hoard of gilt bronze Buddhist figures was found by villagers in Wulangmiao village, Luoyang. 110 of them were almost intact, and they all presented Tang dynasty characteristics. Those figures could be divided into three categories： Buddha, Bodhisattva and Heavenly King, and most of them were figures of Bodhisattva. Buddha figures were sitting, standing or tree-like. Tree-like figures had five or seven branches; on each branch there was a Buddha with a pointed crown. Buddha figures＇ postures were various： standing or sitting, holding a willow branch with left or right hand. Aureoles were all in the shape of a lotus petal, full, hollow or with decorations on the edge. Only one figure of Heavenly King was found. The amount of figures in this discovery was unprecedented as in previously excavated tombs or sites only a few Tang bronze Buddhist figures had been randomly discovered.