大朝通宝钱的性质、铸行地及其相关问题

A Study on Several Issues of Dachao Tongbao Coins

大朝通宝钱是蒙古汗国时期的一种钱币,本文立足于出土发现材料,结合相关历史文献,对这种钱币的性质、铸造流通地、铸造原因、停止铸造的原因等问题进行了分析。大朝通宝钱应属于地方流通货币,为阔端系诸王铸造,主要是为了满足本地流通市场以及与西域贸易往来所需。忽必烈即汗位以后,由于中央集权措施在各地的推行,以及阔端系诸王势力的衰微,大朝通宝钱最终停止铸造,并退出了流通领域。大朝通宝钱以实物的形式反映了蒙古汗国时期地方势力发行货币的历史情况,从实物的角度佐证了忽必烈时期蒙元帝国加强中央集权、推行货币统一的重要历史过程,为研究蒙元时期的分封情况和中央集权制度的形成提供了重要的实物材料。大朝通宝钱的形制与面文具有典型的中国古代钱币特点,而背面的各种文字和符号则带有一定的西域货币文化特色,在一定程度上反映了蒙元时期的钱币特点,对于研究这一时期的中外货币文化交流具有一定价值。

Dachao Tongbao [大朝通宝] coin was the currency during the Mongol Khanates period. Based on the excavated materials and historical documents, this article mainly focuses on the coin＇s functional properties, producing and circulation area and the social context of its production. Coined by the princes of Gotan clan, Dachao Tongbao was a regional currency satisfying local market and the trade with western regions. After Kubla Khan ascended to the throne, measures were taken to strengthen the centralization of authority. With the decline of the power of Gotan princes, the production of Dachao Tongbao coins were stopped and those coins eventually exited the circulation market. Dachao Tongbao witnessed the historical period when Kubla Khan strengthen the centralization and monetary unification, and provided important materials for the study of regional money issuance in Mongol Khanates as well as the enfeoffment situation and authority centralization. The shapes and front inscriptions on Dachao Tongbao were typical in ancient Chinese coins, while the characters and symbols on the back side presented some exotic features. Therefore it was a reflection of the communication of monetary culture between China and the West in the Mongol-Yuan period.