历史坐标中的法国“学院派”

The French Academic Art in the Historical Perspective

学院派艺术始于16世纪末的意大利,后逐渐成为欧洲主流艺术流派。特别是法国学院派,因官方的格外重视与高度参与而成为18、19世纪法国艺术的代表形式,并奠定了法国作为欧洲艺术中心的地位。然而长期以来,学院派被视为印象派的敌人,为腐朽、僵化、保守的形象所笼罩。本文试从历史的维度,重温"学院"以及学院派在法国的发展,再现学院派在自由与权力的博弈中摸索前行,并逐渐形成现代法国美术教育与创作机制的特殊经历。

Academic art began in Italy at the end of the 16th century and gradually became the mainstream art school in Europe. French academic art, in particular, became the representative form of French art in the 18th and 19th centuries because of the official attention and high participation, which established France as the European art center. However, the academic art was regarded as the enemy of the impressionists for a long time and was marked with rigidity and conservativeness. By reviewing the development of the ＇Academy＂ and the academic art in France from the historical perspective, this article tries to reproduce the special history of academic art when it struggled to proceed between freedom and power and eventually developed the modern French art education and creation mechanism.