近代龟兹文物流失海外状况研究——以俄罗斯艾尔米塔什博物馆为例

A Research of Overseas Qiuci Antiquities: In the Example of Russian Hermitage Museum Collection

龟兹文物是中华文明珍贵的历史遗存。19世纪末20世纪初,大量龟兹文物被英、俄、法、日、德等国以考察之名掠走,流失海外。俄罗斯艾尔米塔什博物馆收藏的龟兹文物,大部分是沙皇俄国时期别列佐夫斯基考察队和奥尔登堡考察队从龟兹带回,种类繁多、形式多样;小部分为苏联在二战胜利后辗转从德国带回,主要为壁画,这些壁画一部分的原始出处为新疆克孜尔石窟。艾尔米塔什博物馆对龟兹壁画进行了修复,且在少数展览、图录中展示过一些龟兹文物,但缺乏系统、深入的研究和利用。流失海外的龟兹文物的历史文化价值有待于进一步发掘。

Qiuci antiquities are valuable cultural relics of Chinese civilization. Between the late 19th century and the early 20th century, a big amount of Qiuci antiquities were looted by foreigners from Britain, Russian, France, Japan and German under the excuse of investigation and were lost overseas ever after. The Qiuci antiquities collected at the Russian Hermitage Museum were mostly brought in the Tsarist Russia period by two investigation teams which had various types and forms. A small part taken from Germany after the World War II was mainly murals and some of them were originally from Xinjiang Kizil Grottoes. Qinci murals in Hermitage Museum have been repaired and a few Qinci antiquities are on display and included in catalogues, but related study and application are insufficient, which calls for a further research on the historical and cultural significance of overseas Qiuci antiquities.