农村生活污水处理技术专利研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF RURAL DOMESTIC SEWAGE TREATMENT PATENTED TECHNOLOGY

农村生活污水处理是农村综合环境整治中的重中之重。通过查阅我国近年共计143项涉及农村生活污水处理的申请技术专利,统计分析了我国农村生活污水处理专利技术中所采用的工艺类型、出水执行标准、4项主要污染物指标处理率(化学需氧量、总氮、总磷、氨氮)、申请单位分布情况,对我国农村污水处理技术专利的研发现状进行总体评价。研究发现,当前我国农村生活污水处理技术专利的主要研发力量为环保企业,占比53.9%;绝大部分技术专利中缺乏具体的出水执行标准,在22.4%的注明出水执行标准的技术专利中,以GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》为最主要的水质参考标准,占比65.6%;农村生活污水处理的主要工艺类型为生物法、湿地处理法和过滤法3种,其中含有生物法的技术专利占比高达78.3%;一体化污水处理设备作为具有应用前景的分散型污水解决方案,在农村污水处理专利技术中初具份额,占比35%;技术专利中对于水质指标的考察重视程度由大到小分别为COD、氨氮、总磷和总氮,污染物去除的难易程度由易到难分别为COD、总磷、氨氮和总氮。

Rural domestic sewage is the key of the comprehensive environmental remediation in rural areas. By looking up China＇s 143 patents involving the rural sewage treatment technology in recent years,statistical analysis of the rural sewage treatment technology patent ＇s processing types,effluent standards,four major pollutant removal rates（chemical oxygen demand,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen） and distribution of application units were made. The research progress of the rural sewage patented treatment technology was evaluated. This study found that the environmental enterprises were the main resources of rural sewage treatment patented technology, accounting for 53. 9%; most of the patented technologies were lack of specific effluent standard. Among the 22. 4% of the patented technologies which have noted the specific effluent standard,65. 6% of those patents chose GB 18918—2002 ＂Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment plant＂as the effluent quality reference standard. Biological process,wetland process and filtration process were the three major kinds of rural sewage treatment technologies. Among them,biological process was the dominant treatment process,accounting for 78. 3%. As a promising solution for distributed wastewater treatment,integrated sewage treatment equipment shared 35% of the patented technologies. The degree of water indicator emphasized in current patented technology in descending order was COD ammonia nitrogen total phosphorus total nitrogen. The difficulty degree of contaminant removal in current patented technology was as follows： COD total phosphorus ammonia nitrogen total nitrogen.