元代前期省域耕地面积重建

Reconstruction of cropland area at the provincial level in the early Yuan Dynasty

基于历史文献资料重建区域历史时期土地利用／覆被变化，对深入研究区域生态环境效应、充实全球历史土地利用数据集等均具有重要意义。本文通过对元代（1271—1368年）屯田与屯户、垦田与户口等册载数据及相关史料的梳理与分析，提出了户均屯田数与户均垦田数的转换关系，构建了元代省域耕地面积估算方法，重建了至元二十七年（1290年）研究区省域耕地面积。结果表明：①元代户均屯田数和户均垦田数均具有明显北高南低的特征，这种区域差异性是南北方地区自然条件和种植制度等差异的客观反映，而地域一致性则是户均屯田数配拨以该地户均垦田数为参照的具体表征。②在省域尺度上，户均屯田数与户均垦田数存有一定偏差，其南北方地区的修订系数分别为1．23和0．65。③元代至元二十七年研究区耕地总量为535．4×106今亩，垦殖率为6．8％，人均耕地面积为6．7今亩；其中，境内北方地区耕地面积约占57．8％，垦殖率为6．6％，人均耕地面积为15．6今亩；南方地区约占42．2％，垦殖率为7．1％，人均耕地面积为4．1今亩。④黄河中下游的腹里地区、淮河流域的河南行省、长江中下游地区的江浙、江西及湖广行省和西南地区的云南行省是元代至元年间耕地的主要分布区。

Reconstruction of regional historical land use and land cover change （LUCC） on the basis of historical documents is significant for regional eco-environmental effect studies and the enrichment of global historical land use datasets. By analyzing data recorded in historical documents, including Tuntian （cropland which was reclaimed by troops or farmers for military supplies） area, the number of Tuntian households, cropland area and the number of households, this paper proposed the conversion relationship between per household Tuntian area and per household cropland area. And a provincial cropland area estimation method of the Yuan Dynasty was designed. Then the method was used to reconstruct the provincial cropland area for AD 1290. The results are shown as follows： （1） Both per household Tuntian area and per household cropland area were high in north and low in south in the Yuan Dynasty, which was resulted from the differences of natural conditions and cropping systems in the south and north. And the geographical consistency signified that the allocation of per household Tuntian area takes reference to the local per household cropland area. （2） At the provincial level, there was some deviation between per household Tuntian area and per household cropland area. And the revision coefficients in the south and north were 1.23 and 0.65 respectively. （3） The cropland area of the whole study area in AD 1290 was about 535.4x 106 mu （Chinese area unit, 1 mu= 666.7 m2）, accounting for 57.8% of the north and 42.2% of the south. The territory land reclamation rate of the whole study area, the north, and the south were 6.8%, 6.6% and 7.1%, respectively. And per capita cropland area of the whole study area, the north, and the south were 6.7 mu, 15.6 mu and 4.1 mu, respectively. （4） The cropland was mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River （including Fuli area）, the Huaihe River Basin （including Henan province）, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （including Jiangzhe, Jiangxi, and Huguang provinces）, and Yunnan province.