易拉罐用铝基和铁基材料组织与力学性能对比研究

Comparative on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-based and Iron-based Materials for Pop-top Cans

对比研究了两片式3104铝合金和三片式SPTE质易拉罐罐体材料的组织和力学性能。结果表明,3104铝合金二片式易拉罐的组织主要由α-Al基体,片状Al_6Mn相,亮白块状的Al_8Mg_5相,弥散点状分布的Mg2Si相和破碎骨骼状的A16(Fe,Mn)相构成。另外,还有一些极少量骨骼状的Al(Fe,Mn,Si)和小块状的Al12(Fe,Mn)3Si四元相。SPTE罐MR的组织由铁素体和少量游离的渗碳体构成。3104铝罐体的拉伸性能各项指标远高于易拉罐罐体一般性能要求。SPTE罐拉伸力学性能的各项指标达到铝罐体对材质拉伸性能的要求。SPTE材质最佳工艺是三片式,而铝质最佳工艺是两片式。

The microstructure and mechanical properties of two-piece 3104 aluminum alloy and three-piece SPTE pop-top cans were comparative investigated. The results show that the microstructures of the 3104 aluminum alloy two-piece can are mainly composed of α-Al matrix, lamellar AIrMn phase, bright white massive AlsMgs phase, dispersed dot-like Mg2Si phase and fractured skeleton-like Al6（Fe, Mn） phase. In addition, there are a few skeletal Al（Fe, Mn, Si） and small Al12（Fe, Mn）Si quaternary phases. The microstructure of the SPTE can MR materials consists of ferrite and a small amount of free cementite. The tensile properties of 3104 aluminum alloy cans are much higher than the general performance requirements for the materials of pop-top cans. The tensile properties of SPTE cans meet the requirements of tensile properties of aluminum alloy cans. The best forming process for cans with SPTE materials and aluminum alloys are three-piece and two-piece, respectively.