胸部撞击致家兔急性肺损伤的实验研究

Experimental study of acute lung injury induced by thoracic impact in rabbits

目的建立家兔垂直胸部撞击致急性肺损伤动物模型。方法选取新西兰大耳兔40只,随机分为轻度撞击组(以重物重量<1 kg、离地高度<100 cm进行垂直撞击)、中度撞击组(以重物重量>1 kg、离地高度<100 cm进行垂直撞击)、重度撞击组(重度撞击组以重物重量>1 kg、离地高度>100 cm进行垂直撞击)和空白对照组,除对照组外,其余各组通过对应质量和离地高度的撞击物,垂直撞击家兔右侧胸部,造成急性肺损伤。记录比较各组家兔撞击前后PaO_2/FiO_2值、肺干湿重比值、急性肺损伤评分以及垂直撞击指数。结果与撞击前相比,中、重度家兔撞击后4 h、8h、12 h PaO_2/FiO_2均低于撞击前,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),轻度撞击组则无显著差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,轻度撞击组PaO_2/FiO_2差异无显著性(P>0.05);与轻度撞击组相比,中度及重度撞击组的肺干湿比明显降低(P<0.05),与对照组相比,轻度撞击组肺干湿比差异无显著性(P>0.05);与对照组相比,轻度撞击组肺组织明显增大、充血,但未见中性粒细胞浸润;中度撞击组肺组织充血水肿,部分间隙可见中性粒细胞浸润;重度撞击组肺泡腔水肿、出血,较多肺泡间隙可见中性粒细胞浸润。结论采用中、重度垂直胸部撞击方式建立的兔急性肺损伤动物模型,操作简便,更接近临床发病实况,为胸部撞击致急性肺损伤的研究提供了实验依据。

Objective To establish a model of acute lung injury induced by vertical chest impact in rabbits,and to provide theoretical basis for the study of acute lung injury caused by chest impact. Methods 40 cases of New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into mild impact group（ vertical impact was carried out 1 kg and ground height 100 cm）,moderate impact group（ vertical impact was carried out 1 kg and ground height 100 cm）,severe impact group（ vertical impact was carried out 1 kg and ground height 100 cm） and control group,in addition to the control group,the rest of the group with different quality and height of the impact of a vertical impact on the right side of the rabbit chest,resulting in acute lung injury. The PaO2/FiO2,the lung wet and dry ratio,the score of acute lung injury,the index of vertical impact were recorded and compared. Results Compared with before the impact,the PaO2/FiO2 of the moderate and severe rabbits in 4 h,8 h,12 h were all lower than that before the impact,and the difference was statistically（ P〈0. 05）,but there was no significant difference in the mild impact group（ P〈0. 05）. Compared with the control group,the PaO2/FiO2 in the mild impact group was not significantly different（ P〈0. 05）. Compared with the mild group,the lung wet and dry ratio in the moderate and severe group was significantly lower（ P〈0. 05）. Compared with the control group,the lung wet and dry ratio in the mild impact group was not significantly different（ P〈0. 05）. Compared with the control group,the lung tissue were significantly increased,the impact of mild hyperemia,but no neutrophil infiltration; The lung tissue of moderate shock group were congestion and edema,with interstitial neutrophil infiltration. The alveolar edema and hemorrhage were found in the severe impact group,and neutrophil infiltration was seen in the alveolar spaces. Conclusion The animal model of acute lung injury made by a vertical impact of the rabbit is simple,is conducive to the primary hospital for acute lung injury,and provides a theoretical basis for the study of acute lung injury induced by chest impact.