文学人类学的可能性与上海民族志:以王安忆的《长恨歌》为个案

The Possibility of the Literary Anthropology and Shanghai Ethnography:Focusing on Wang Anyi's Chang Hen Ge

本文把王安忆的《长恨歌》看作是关于上海城市空间的人类学的民族志,并以该假设为出发点进行探讨。笔者的依据如下;首先,王安忆在上海生活已久却以"移民"自居,这种态度与参与观察者的姿态相符。其次,对《长恨歌》的背景——上海怀旧热,虽然作家持有否定的态度,然而却又表现出"有意提供怀旧资料"的创作动机。她这样的创作态度,即与其一味地接受某些现象,不如把关于上海的众多读物(1)作为创作基础,通过彻底认真的事先准备进行验证,这超越了人文学的方法论,更接近于社会科学的方法论。最后,作者的辩证书写或者两面书写方式,无疑在某种程度上增加了文本的厚度。

This research begins from hypothesizing Wang Anyi’s most prominent work Chang Hen Ge.It is an anthropological ethnography that documents Shanghai’s urban space through participant observation.In order to first examine the possibility of considering a literary work as ethnography,the research looks into the role of imagination and the mechanism of fictionalization,followed by a review on literature anthropology.Then an overview on the genealogy of Shanghai literature and literary Shanghai is made.History of Shanghai literature is in fact a significant part of China’s modern and contemporary literary history,so much that it is difficult to consider it as an independent realm.On the other hand,Shanghai,’a term designating Shanghai found within the literature and also the literal text which represents Shanghai,is an approach similar to the notion ofethnography,’which is why the research has reviewed several related texts.