分子炼油为导向的催化裂化加工重质油策略

Molecular-refining oriented strategy of catalytic cracking for processing heavy oil

随着我国炼油工业的升级转型,必须突破对石油馏分传统的粗放认知,从分子层次认识和加工原料,从而使每一个石油分子的价值最大化.因此,根据分子组成、结构单元和性质深入认识重质油的催化反应特性,按照重质油分子"易转化"与"难转化"结构单元在催化裂化及加氢改质过程中的反应行为,以及两种差异性分子结构化学键选择性转化与催化剂构效之间的关系,本文阐述了以分子炼油为导向的重质油催化裂化加工策略.首先,提出了加氢工艺协同催化裂化实现烃分子芳环结构的"选形"改质,采用分区转化配合专用催化剂实现环烷环及烷基链结构的"择形"裂化,以及依据原料分子结构、目的产物、以及工艺操作域使用专用裂化催化剂的必要性.以分子炼油为导向,可以推进炼油工艺发展由高转化率向高选择性的转变,为实现重质油高效转化为清洁油品和化工原料提供新的技术路径.

With the upgrading and transformation of Chinese refining industry, the cognition of oil fractions should be transformed from mixture level to molecular level and maximizing the value of any petroleum molecule entirely. Based on molecular composition, building block and structural characteristic, and revealing fluid catalytic cracking and hydrogenation reaction behaviors of ＂tractable＂ and ＂refractory＂ building blocks in the heavy oil molecule, the relationship between conversion of above two blocks and structure-performance of catalyst, molecular refining-oriented strategy for catalytic cracking is presented in this work. Aimed at breaking through the limitation of improving heavy oil conversion efficiently, synergistic process of fluid catalytic cracking and hydrogenation is established to realize＂molecular reforming＂ of polyaromatics, and then ＂shape-selective cracking＂ of the naphthenic and alkyl-chain structure in heavy oil molecule will be achieved with feedstocks zoning-cracking and special catalyst. Moreover, the proper use of specific catalyst according to molecular composition in feedstock, aim of production, operating conditions is necessary.Under the guidance of molecular refining, which will provide a new technological approach for China to shift processing mode from deep conversion to high selectivity.