人车事故中不同体型行人应急姿态仿真研究

Simulation research on emergency postures of pedestrians different in body type in pedestrian-vehicle accident

为降低行人在与运动型多功能车（SUV）碰撞事故中的损伤程度,从国家车辆事故深度调查体系（NAIS）中选取一例典型的事故案例,运用Madymo建立事故碰撞模型,并验证其有效性,在此基础上进行仿真试验,研究SUV车辆低速情况下,5%女性假人、50%和95%男性假人在前倾、下蹲、站立等3种应急姿态下的损伤情况。结果表明：前倾是很危险的应急姿态;下蹲和站立姿态对中等和高大身材行人是良好的自我保护措施;小身材行人在3种应急姿态下与SUV碰撞易受致命伤。

For the sake of reducing the damage to pedestrians in pedestrian-SUV collision accidents,a accident collision model was built by using Madymo,on the basis of the data on a typical accident case in the National Automobile Accident In-depth Investigation System（ NAIS）. The effectiveness of the model was proved. The damage to 5 percentile female dummies,and that to 50 and 95 percent male dummies in three emergency postures（ forward,squat,standing） were studied by computer simulation testing. The results show that forward is a very dangerous posture,that taking a squat or a standing posture for middle and tall figure pedestrians is a good self-protection measures,and that small body pedestrians taking any of the three kinds of emergency postures usually receive a fatal injury.