绍兴市老年人睡眠质量及其影响因素研究

Study on sleep quality and its influencing factors among older adults in Shaoxing City

目的了解绍兴市老年人睡眠质量及其相关影响因素。方法基于横断面问卷调查研究，采用整群抽样方法从绍兴市越城区东湖镇的20个行政村中选择5个作为研究现场，所选行政村内年龄≥60周岁的户籍居民均为调查对象，共有1 303名≥60岁老年人纳入分析，其中男性603名，女性700名，平均年龄为（70.99±7.38）岁。调查其人口学、健康状况、睡眠状况、睡眠习惯、生活方式等内容，采用卡方检验和方差分析比较不同人群睡眠质量、睡眠时长差异，使用有序多分类Logistic回归分析睡眠质量的影响因素。结果196名（15.0%）老年人报告近1年睡眠质量一直或经常不好，180名（13.8%）报告偶尔不好，927名（71.1%）报告每天都好。老年人平均夜间睡眠时长为（6.64±1.38）h，其中睡眠质量一直或经常不好组为（4.21±1.13）h，睡眠质量偶尔不好组为（6.12±1.40）h，睡眠质量每天都好组为（7.26±1.39）h，睡眠质量较差者睡眠时长较短（F=421.828，P〈0.001）。女性、年龄在80~岁、目前未工作、近1年服用安眠药是睡眠质量不好的危险因素，其OR值（95%CI）分别是1.492（1.132~1.964），1.564（1.108~2.206），1.331（1.015~1.747）和14.614（7.164~29.844）。结论绍兴市老年人睡眠质量较差，需多关注女性、高龄老年人和有使用安眠药习惯的老人睡眠问题，鼓励其参与工作可改善睡眠状况。

ObjectiveTo investigate the sleep quality of older adults in Shaoxing City and to examine its influencing factors.MethodsBased on a cross-sectional questionnaire survey, a cluster sampling method was adopted to collect participants. Five villages were chosen randomly from 20 in the Yuecheng district of Shaoxing. The respondents were adults aged more than 60 years in the 5 villages. In total, 1 303 adults participated, including 603 men and 700 women, and the average age was （70.99±7.38）. The information related to sociodemographic factors, health status, sleep characteristics, and behavioral and lifestyle factors were collected. A chi-square test and variance analysis were used to compare sleep quality and sleep duration among participants. An ordinal regression model was adopted to examine the factors influencing sleep quality.ResultsOne hundred and ninety-six （15.0%） older adults reported that sleep quality was always bad during the past year, 180 （13.8%） reported that sleep quality was bad occasionally, and 927 （71.1%） reported that sleep quality was good every day. The average sleep duration of participants was （6.64±1.38） h per night, and sleep durations for older adults who reported that sleep quality was always bad, bad occasionally, and good every day were （4.21±1.13） h, （6.12±1.40） h, and （7.26±1.39） h, respectively, and older adults with poor sleeping quality had a shorter sleep duration （F=421.828, P〈0.001）. Being a woman, more than 80 years old, not working, and taking sleeping pills were risk factors for poor sleep quality with ORs （95%CI） of 1.492 （1.132-1.964）, 1.564 （1.108-2.206）, 1.331 （1.015-1.747）, and14.614 （7.164-29.844）, respectively.ConclusionsElderly individuals in Shaoxing had poor sleep quality. The sleep quality of those who were women, were oldest and took sleeping pills is cause for concern. Encouraging them to engage in work may improve their sleeping status.