2009-2016年广州市沙园街道法定传染病流行特征分析

Epidemiological features analysis of notifiable communicable disease in Shayuan Street in Guangzhou from 2009 to 2016

目的了解广州市海珠区沙园街道法定传染病流行情况,为本街道做好传染病防控工作提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对沙园街道2009-2016年法定传染病报告发病、死亡情况进行分析。结果 2009-2016年沙园街道共报告乙丙类传染病19种,共3 216例病例,无甲类传染病报告,年均发病率为684.45/10万,总体发病率呈波浪形变化特征,发病率最高为1 088.40/10万(2014年)、最低为341.09/10万(2011年)。2009-2011年呈逐年下降趋势(χ~2=32.06,P<0.01),2011-2014年呈上升趋势(χ~2=217.67,P<0.01),2014-2016年呈下降趋势(χ~2=49.82,P<0.01)。乙类传染病年均发病率为286.68/10万,发病率变化特征与总体发病率相似。乙类传染病以血液及性传播疾病为主,占70.53%;其中以乙肝、梅毒和丙肝报告病例为主,占比分别为55.37%、27.58%和10.63%。丙类传染病年均发病率为397.77/10万,各年发病呈缓慢上升趋势(χ~2=60.52,P<0.01);手足口病、流行性感冒和其它感染性腹泻报告病例数较多,占比分别为59.18%、21.08%和13.43%。乙类传染病病例以中老年人群为主,丙类传染病病例以儿童为主。结论要继续做好传染病防控监测,做好中老年人群以及儿童、家长的健康宣教。加强易感人群的疫苗接种,改善街道环境卫生状况,加强学校疫情监测。

Objective To investigate the epidemic status of notifiable communicable diseases in Shayuan Street in Guangzhou,so as to provide the basis for notifiable communicable diseases prevention and control. Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the data of notifiable communicable diseases of Shayuan Street from 2009 to 2016. Results Totally 19 types of notifiable communicable diseases were reported in Shayuan Street from 2009 to 2016. There was no category a notifiable communicable diseases reported. The average incidence was 684. 45/100 000. The incidence showed as a wave trend. The highest incidence was 1 088. 40/100 000 in 2014,and the lowest was 341. 09/100 000 in 2011. The incidence showed a downtrend from2009 to 2011（ χ^2= 32. 06,P〈0. 01） and rising from 2011 to 2014（ χ^2= 217. 67,P〈0. 01）,and showed a downtrend form2014 to 2016（ χ^2= 49. 82,P〈0. 01）. The average incidence in category B was 286. 68/100 000. The variation of incidence was similar to the overall incidence. The cases of blood borne and sexual transmitted diseases accounted for the largest proportions in category B（ 52. 05%）,and the top 3 diseases with high caes numbers were hepatitis B（ 55. 37%）,syphilis（ 27. 58%） and hepatitis C（ 10. 63%）. The average incidence in category C was 397. 77/100 000,showed a creeping upward trended（ χ^2=60. 52,P〈0. 01）. The top 3 diseases in category C notifiable communicable diseases were hand-foot-mouth disease（ 59. 18%）,influenza（ 21. 08%） and other infectious diarrheal diseases（ 13. 43%）. The incidence of category B notifiable communicable diseases is high in middle-aged, and the incidence of category C notifiable communicable diseases is high in child. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and the health education of the population in middle-aged,preschoolers and the parents. It is also necessary to strengthen the vaccination of susceptible population,improve the environment and the epidemic surveillance in school.