山东省青岛市2014年中小学生营养和贫血状况调查

Analysis on the nutrition and anemia status of primary and middle school students in Qingdao City of Shandong Province

目的调查分析青岛市中小学生营养不良和贫血的状况,为贫血和肥胖的早期干预提供科学依据。方法采用2014年青岛市部分中小学生入学体检的相关资料进行统计学分析。采用一般描述性分析来探究中小学生营养不良和贫血的状况。结果本次调查抽取1 115名学生进行体格检查和血常规检测,其中男生571人、女生544人;发现中小学生营养不良68人,检出率为6.10%,超重193人,检出率为17.31%,肥胖160人,检出率为14.35%;贫血51人,检出率为4.57%。男生肥胖率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.22,P<0.01);随着年龄的增长,学生贫血检出率逐渐降低,各年龄组之间贫血检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=22.61,P<0.01),女生贫血率明显高于男生,营养状况的好坏和贫血率的高低呈正相关。结论青岛市中小学生贫血的状况仍然存在,营养不良和营养过剩合并存在,尤其应注意超重和肥胖问题,加强健康干预,控制体重,提高学生身体健康和智力发育水平。

Objective To investigate the status of malnutrition and anemia among primary and secondary school students in Qingdao and provide a scientific basis for the early intervention of anemia and obesity. Methods The data of some primary and secondary school students in 2014 in Qingdao were used for statistical analysis. General descriptive analysis was used to explore the prevalence of malnutrition and anemia among primary and secondary school students. Results The survey collected 1 115 students physical examination and blood tests,of which 571 were boys and 544 girls; malnutrition found in 68 primary and secondary school students,the detection rate was 6. 10%,overweight 193 people,the detection rate was 17. 31%,obesity 160 people,the detection rate was 14. 35%; 51 anemia,the detection rate was 4. 57%. The prevalence of anemia in boys was higher than that in girls（ χ^2= 14. 22,P〈0. 01）. With the increase of age,the detection rate of anemia was gradually decreased,and the difference of anemia among all age groups was statistically significant（ χ^2= 22. 61,P〈0. 01）. The anemia rate in girls was significantly higher than that in boys,and the nutritional status was positively correlated with the anemia rate. Conclusion Anemia in primary and secondary school students in Qingdao still exists. Malnutrition and overnutrition are combined. Particular attention should be paid to overweight and obesity. Health interventions should be strengthened to control body weight and improve students＇ health and intellectual development.