陕西省渭南市华州区某小学水痘暴发疫情的调查分析

Investigation of a varicella outbreak in a primary school of Huazhou District,Weinan of Shaanxi Province investigation of a varicella outbreak in a primary school

目的通过对一起水痘暴发流行因素的调查分析,为学校水痘防控提供借鉴。方法采用描述性流行病学方法研究水痘暴发疫情的基本概况和流行特征。结果楼层两端和楼梯口教室发生水痘病例的几率明显低于夹在两个教室之间的教室(P<0.05);一年级学生发病率最高(11.63%),五年级学生的发病率最低(0.76%);暴发病例均有皮疹和散发疱疹,61.76%的病例有发热症状;有水痘疫苗免疫史者发病率为21.52%,无免疫史者发病率为23.08%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);水痘疫苗保护率为6.76%。结论不同年级之间相互接触、教学区域内通风不良、水痘疫苗保护效率欠佳是疫情暴发的危险因素,学校没有及时按相关要求停课导致了疫情的持续蔓延。

Objective Through investigating and analyzing the epidemic factors of chickenpox,this study provides a reference for the prevention and control of chickenpox. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analysis study epidemiologic characteristics of the varicella outbreaks. Results The attack rate of varicella cases was statistically significantly low in classrooms between the two sides of floor and nearby stairs than those located in the middle of floor（ P〈0. 05）. The attacked rate was the highest among students in first grade（ 11. 63%）,and the lowest in fifth grade（ 0. 76%）. All the cases had rash and sporadic herpes,the odds of the occurrence of varicella cases at both ends of the floor and in the stairs were significantly lower than those in the classroom（ P〈0. 05）; grade 1 students had the highest incidence（ 11. 63%） and the lowest incidence of Grade 5 students（ 0. 76%）; outbreaks were rash and spur herpes,61. 76% of cases had fever symptoms. Among cases,21. 52% had received varicella vaccine,and 23. 08% had received none,there are no significance difference between the two groups above. The incidence of varicella vaccine was 21. 52%,and the incidence of immunization was 23. 08%,the difference was not statistically significant（ P〈0. 05）. The protective rate of varicella vaccine was 6. 76%. Conclusion The risk factors of the varicella responsible from different levels of contact,between the teaching area of poor ventilation between the teaching areas,and varicella vaccinewas poorly protected. The epidemic lastly spread resulted from the school didnt close the calss timely.