分析β-内酰胺类抗生素不良反应发生的特点

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Adverse Reaction of β-lactam Antibiotics

目的分析β-内酰胺类抗生素不良反应发生的特点。方法收集我院2015年5月至2017年5月β-内酰胺类抗生素药物不良反应报告205例,按性别、年龄、药物类别、给药途径和不良反应进行统计分析。结果 205例ADR中,男性145例,女性60例。ADR发生的年龄为(1)<10岁的患者共29例;(2)11-20岁的患者共9例;(3)21-30岁的患者共14例;(4)31-40例共58例;(5)41-50岁患者共26例;(6)51-60岁患者共33例;(7)61-70岁患者共26例;(8)>71岁共10例。发生ADR的患者中接受静脉给药的共156例;口服24例;肌肉注射20例;局部用药5例。ADR报告中药物影响器官和系统的构成比以及临床表现:在205例ADR报告中,受到影响的器官包括皮肤及四肢、消化系统、呼吸系统、心血管系统、神经系统、血液系统和泌尿系统,其出现频次分别为183例、62例、32例、28例、22例、14例、5例。结论抗菌药物是一把双刃剑,在使用时必须加强对其ADR的监测,合理利用药物,减少药源性不良反应的发生。同时在发现ADR时,应该积极采取应对措施,提高临床用药水平。

Objective The characteristics of the adverse reaction of β-lactam antibiotics were analyzed. Methods from May 2015 to May 2017, 205 cases of adverse drug reactions of β-lactam antibiotics in our hospital were collected and analyzed statistically according to sex, age, drug category, route of administration and adverse reactions. Methods 205 cases of adverse drug reactions reported by our hospital from May 2015 to May 2017 were collected and analyzed statistically according to sex, age, drug category, route of administration and adverse reactions. Results Of the 205 cases of ADR, 145 were male and 60 were female. ADR at the age of（1） 10 years old patients in 29 cases;（2） the 11-20 patients with a total of 9 cases;（3） the age of 21-30 with a total of 14 cases;（4） 31-40 cases of the 58 cases;（5） and 41-50 patients with a total of 26 cases;（6） the 51-60 patients in 33 cases;（7） and 61-70 patients in 26 cases;（8） and a total of 10 cases of 71 years old. There were 156 cases of intravenous administration in patients with ADR, 24 cases of oral administration, 20 cases of intramuscular injection and 5 cases of local medication. The ADR report drugs affect the organs and systems of the constituent ratio and clinical manifestations in 205 cases： ADR report, the affected organs including skin and limbs, digestive system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, blood system and urinary system, its occurrence frequency were 183 cases, 62 cases, 32 cases, 28 cases, 22 cases, 14 cases, 5 cases. Conclusion Antibiotics are a double-edged sword. When we use them, we must strengthen the monitoring of their ADR, make rational use of drugs, and reduce the incidence of drug-induced adverse reactions. At the same time, in the discovery of ADR, we should take positive measures to improve the level of clinical use of drugs.