二战后法国海外领土的法律治理——以法属波利尼西亚和新喀里多尼亚为例

France's Legal Governance of Its Overseas Territories after World War Ⅱ: A Case Study of French Polynesia and New Caledonia

后殖民时代海外领土的法律治理是二战后法国面临的一项重要议题,对法国维护领土主权、调整全球及区域战略具有关键意义。法国通过一系列法律调整对海外领土的管理和自治权利作出规范,但仍存在局限性。当前法国面临海外领土民族自决的紧迫压力,主要集中在进入联合国非自治领土名单的法属波利尼西亚与新喀里多利亚两个地区。两者在民族构成、自决意愿和法律规制方面存在差异,法国在两者自决问题上的立场也存在不同。总体来看,法国对其海外领土的法律治理具有"伞型"特征,是对核心主权权利和地域特殊性的兼顾和平衡。

The legal governance of the Overseas Territories in the post-colonial era is one of the important issues of France.It is of crucial importance for France to maintain its’territorial sovereignty rights and to adjust global and regional strategies.France has adopted a series of legal adjustments to regulate its management and autonomy,but there are still limitations.At present,France faces the urgent task of national self-determination of its overseas territories,mainly in the areas of French Polynesia and New Caledonia,which are on the list of United Nations Non-Self-Governing Territories.There are differences between the two in terms of ethnic composition,willingness to self-determination and legal basis of selfdetermination,meanwhile France’s position on this issue is also different.In general,France has an＂umbrella-shaped＂characteristic of the legal administration of its overseas territory,which is the result of balancing its core sovereign rights and regional specialties.