论清代河湟地区多民族商贸的发展

Development of Multi-ethnic Commerce in Hehuang area of Qinghai Province in the Qing Dynasty

清代,河湟地区的多民族间的商业贸易在明代的基础上继续发展。清初,河湟地区的茶马司所在地亦是当地官设市场。雍正年间,官营茶马贸易被废除后,新兴的商业城镇兴起,汉族、回族、藏族、蒙古族等各民族商人共同构成河湟地区民族贸易的商人群体,在河湟地区输出的贸易商品主要是蒙藏区畜产品、药材、黄金与青盐、木材,输入河湟的商品主要有茶叶、粮食及各类生活日用品。交易方式既有以物易物的直接交易,也有以银易物的间接交易形式。清代河湟地区内部及与其他地区贸易商路得到进一步拓展,但运输方式仍然以传统的畜力运输为主,兼有对河道清代河湟地区多民族间贸易的发展,体现了多民族间经济联系更加紧密。

In the Qing Dynasty, the commercial trade among the nationalities in Hehuang area contin- ued to develop after the Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, the location of the tea horse company in the area was also a local official market. After the abolition of the official tea and horse trade in Yongzheng Period of the Qing Dynasty. A new commercial townrises up, the Han, Hui, Tibet, Mongolia and other ethnic traders constitute a group of traders in Hehuang area. The major export trade commodities in He- huang region are animal products, medicinal materials, gold and salt, wood, etc. , in Hehuang area. The major import trade commodities are mainly tea, grain and all kinds of daily necessities. There are direct trade like stuff for stuff and indirect trade like stuff for silver. Trade routes within the Hehuang area and other regions in the Qing Dynasty were further expanded, but the mode of transportation was still domina- ted by traditional animal transport. The development of multi--ethnic trade in Hehuang area in the Qing Dynasty made a closer economic tie between different nationalities.