量词“个”在南北方言中的类型学差异及其历时原因

The Typological Differences and Origin of the Quantifier “Ge” in the Dialect of North and South Chinese

"个"是现代汉语最为通用的量词,同时在方言中还有代词、助词等词性。在南北汉语方言中,"个"在语音变调、词性用法和语法组合上都有一定的差异。这些差异表现出一定的规律,具有类型学意义。这些类型学差异既有语言接触的因素,也是语言发展不平衡的结果。汉语"数量名"结构经历了数量后置到数量前置的变化,两种语序在魏晋南北朝时处于激烈竞争阶段,此时南北方语言对两种语序的使用有所不同,北方趋于保守,南方则较早使用前置的新语序,正是这种地域发展的不平衡性,使得后来的量词"个"在南北方言中表现出一系列类型学差异。

In modern Chinese, ＂ge＂ is the most common quantifier,it has phonetic, lexical and gram- matical differences in the dialect of North and South Chinese. These regular differences show typological features, it is caused by language contact and the unbalanced development of language. In the Middle Ages, there are two word orders, the original one is popular in northern dialect, the emerging one is popular in southern dialect. Becase of this, the quantifier ＂ge＂ show a series of typological diffrences in the dialect of North and South Chinese.