人为热排放对不同类型建成区温度影响的模拟研究

Effect of anthropogenic heat release on temperature in different types of built-up land in Guangzhou, China

为探究不同类型建成区能源消耗与城市热环境特征的关系,本文利用中尺度天气预报模式(Weather Research&Forecasting,WRF)对2010年7月2日-7月6日发生在广州地区的一次高温热浪过程进行数值模拟试验,定量分析了逐日平均气温及逐日气温日较差对人为热排放的时空敏感性。结果表明:(1)WRF模型能够较好地实现2010年7月2日-7月6日高温热浪期间气温的模拟,模拟结果与气象观测结果的相关系数均大于0.80,均方根误差均小于2.27;(2)逐日平均气温空间分布特征为:高密度住宅区>商业区>低密度住宅区;逐日气温日较差空间分布特征为:低密度住宅区>高密度住宅区>商业区;(3)人为热排放使得3种类型建成区平均气温升高,且人为热的增温效应与高密度住宅区、低密度住宅区及商业区的建筑密度的空间关联度分别为0.17、0.13和0.16;(4)人为热排放使得三种类型建成区的气温日较差降低,且气温日较差减少程度与高密度住宅区、低密度住宅区及商业区建筑密度的空间关联度分别为0.14、0.15及0.19;(5)当人为热排放为正常排放的两倍时,人为热的增温效应、人为热对气温日较差的减小作用与不同类型建成区的建筑密度空间关联度均有增强趋势。

Along with the rapid urbanization process, large amounts of anthropogenic heat are released into the atmosphere, which are becoming a key issue for regional weather condition. To understand what role anthropogenic heat release plays in regional temperature warming, Weather Research Forecasting（WRF）model was applied to simulate temperature during 2–6 July 2010 with different configuration of anthropogenic heat release. The results indicate that the simulated temperature is consistent with the meteorological station observation data, with the correlation coefficient of 0.89 and the root-mean-square error of 2.96. High density residential area had the highest daily average temperature followed by industrial or commercial zone and low density residential area. On the other hand, low density residential area had the highest daily diurnal temperature range followed by high density residential area and industrial or commercial zone. Anthropogenic heat release caused a notable warming in the whole downtown area of Guangzhou City, which was more significant in high density residential area and commercial zone than low density residential area. The spatial association between temperature rise caused by anthropogenic heat release and building density is 0.17（high density residential area）,0.14（low density residential area）, and 0.16（industrial or commercial zone）, respectively. Conversely,anthropogenic heat release decreased diurnal temperature range（the difference between daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature）, which was more significant in high density residential area and commercial zone than low density residential area. The spatial association between daily temperature range decrease caused by anthropogenic heat release and building density is 0.14（high density residential area）, 0.15（low density residential area）, and 0.19（industrial or commercial zone）. Furthermore, when doubling the anthropogenic heat release, the spatial association between building density and simulated temperature rise and daily temperature range decrease was enhanced.