2015年南极中山站气象和海冰特征分析

Characteristics of weather and sea ice at the Antarctic Zhongshan station in 2015

基于中国第31次南极科学考察中山站越冬期间获得的气象和海冰观测资料,结合1989—2014年气候统计值,以及2010—2014年中山站海冰观测数据,比对分析了中山站2015年的气象及海冰特征。气象分析表明:2015年中山站气压偏低,温度偏高;降水天数偏多,相对湿度偏大;风速偏小,大风天数偏少,吹雪天数偏少;同时分析了常规气象要素季节平均的变化趋势。从大气环流的角度初步分析解释了2015年4月、5月、8月、9月和11月降水偏多以及6月、7月风速异常现象。海冰观测表明,2015年中山站附近海冰冻结时间偏晚,海冰厚度较薄,冰表面积雪较厚,中山站附近的海冰厚度变化主要受热力学影响。

The statistical features of the in-situ meteorological and sea ice observations at Zhongshan Station in2015 are analyzed with a comparison of the climate history from 1989 to 2014 and sea ice observation data from2010 to 2014. The results show that, at Zhongshan Station in 2015, the air pressure and temperature appeared a lower and higher bias, respectively. More cloud cover and rainfall events occurred along with larger relative humidity. Lower wind speeds and less days of gale and snow drifts were observed. These weather anomalies could be partly explained by an examination of the monthly atmosphere circulations at Zhongshan Station in2015. The sea ice growth nearby Zhongshan Station was largely controlled by its thermodynamics. In general, the freezing point, thickness and snow depth on sea ice in 2015 were a bit later, thinner and thicker than in 2010—2014.