厦门湾潮流动力特征研究

Characters of tidal current dynamic in the Xiamen Bay

根据收集的厦门湾历史上多个短期和长期站位的实测潮流、海面风观测资料,分析厦门湾的潮流性质、运动形式、涨落潮流特性、余流等特征和海面风对潮流的影响。结果表明:厦门湾属于正规半日潮的浅海潮型海湾,潮流运动形式表现为往复流性质,潮流作用较强、且日不等现象比较明显,湾内水道处流速最大、一般大于100cm/s;余流流速一般小于10cm/s,在垂直方向的变化不明显、且一般大潮比小潮大,流向则一般与涨落潮流流向呈一定的角度指向湾内或湾外;角屿东侧的C2和上屿附近的C5两个长期观测站的资料分析表明,在强风(风力>6级)作用下,厦门湾潮波的浅海效应进一步增强、且C5站余流流速明显减小,但在西南风时,C2站的余流流向表现为顺时针偏转、C5站为逆时针偏转,两站的底层流向偏转角度均小于表层,在东北风时,两站的余流流向均为逆时针偏转、且偏转角度在垂向差别不大。

On the bases of the observations from several short-term and long-term ocean stations in the Xiamen bay, the characteristics and the motion pattern of the tidal current, flood current, ebb current and residual current,the influence of the wind on the tidal current in the Xiamen bay are studied. The results show that： the reversing tidal current in the Xiamen Bay resulted a regular semidiurnal characteristic. The largest velocity of the tidal current is observed in the channel with a value higher than 100 cm/s. The residual current velocity is larger during the spring tidal than that during neap tidal, with a value smaller than 10 cm/s on usual. In the vertical, the velocity of residual current has a little variation. Generally, the direction of the residual current shows an angle between the tidal current and point to the outside of the bay or opposite direction. Under the influence of strong wind（higher than 6 level） on the Beaufort, the shoaling effect of tidal wave is further enhanced, and the residual current velocity is reduced at station C5. When the southwest wind blows, the direction of the residual current at station C2 and C5 shows clockwise and anticlockwise deflection, respectively. The deflection angle is smaller in the deep water than in the sea surface. When the northeast wind blows, both of the two stations show a clockwise deflection, and the deflection angle changes little in the vertical.