澳大利亚维多利亚州水权制度经验借鉴

Experiences Learned from Water Rights System in State of Victoria of Australia

维多利亚州是澳大利亚建立水权制度最早的州,水权市场十分成熟。我国正处在深入推进水权改革的关键时期,分析研究维多利亚州水权制度建设经验可以为我国水权制度改革提供参考,促进我国水权市场健康发展,真正发挥市场在水资源配置中的决定性作用。从水权法律体系、水权行政管理、水权分配及分类、水权确权登记、水权市场等方面对维多利亚州水权制度进行分析,提出了符合我国国情的水权制度建设建议:积极推进相关水法规修订研究、建立水资源资产产权制度、厘清政府与市场的边界条件,营造有利于水权水市场建设的政策氛围,并利用价格杠杆激发市场活力,促进水权交易,为水资源可持续利用、经济社会可持续发展提供有力支撑。

Victoria is the earliest state to establish water rights system in Australia,in which water markets have been fully developed in last three decades. China is currently in the period of deepening its reform of water rights,the advanced Victorian experiences could provide significant guidance for water rights reform and water markets growth in China,which ultimately allows markets to play a critical role in water resources reallocation. This paper analyzed the water rights system in Victoria from the aspects of water legal system,water administration,water rights allocation and types,as well as water registration and water markets,and put forward recommendations for China＇s water rights reform. The results show that,in order to enhance the sustainability of water use and socioeconomic development,China should further promote research on water trading laws and regulations,establish water property rights,use water price leverage to stimulate market vitality,and rearrange the functions between government and market.