多种重金属污染物对大鼠毒性蓄积的实验研究

Experimental study on the accumulated toxicity of multi-heavy metal pollutants in rats

为研究宁波地区水产品中常见的8种重金属污染物(铬、锰、镍、铜、锌、镉、汞、铅)对人体的危害,探讨了其混合物在体内亚慢性毒性效应及在不同器官中的蓄积情况.根据8种重金属污染物的实际比例进行联合染毒,实验选用SD雄性大鼠,分为对照组,以及低、中、高剂量重金属染毒组;将各种重金属污染物按实际配比掺入到大鼠饲料中,实验周期为3个月.实验结果表明,Morris水迷宫实验各组大鼠逃避潜伏期及第一象限游泳时间无统计学差异;电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)检测结果显示,汞和镉2种重金属在各组织中均有不同程度的蓄积,并存在剂量-反应关系,其他6种重金属则未见明显蓄积;组织形态学结果显示,除心和脑组织外,在肝、脾、肺、肾、睾丸中均伴有轻度的炎性细胞浸润,表明长期摄入低剂量多种重金属污染物后,对机体产生明显损伤.

To determine the toxic effects of eight common contamination heavy metals（Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, CD, Hg, Pb） in the aquatic products of Ningbo area on human beings, the combined toxicity and tissue accumulation of multi-heavy metal have been examined. Healthy male SD rats were divided into four groups： control group, low, middle and high dose of multi-heavy metal treatment groups. Heavy metal compounds were added into rat fodder, and the treatment lasted three months. Using the Morris water maze test, the results indicated the escape latency and swimming time in first quadrant was not significantly different between multi-heavy metal and control groups. ICP-MS results showed that both mercury and cadmium produced obvious accumulation in the organs in a dose-dependent manner; whereas the other six heavy metals failed to produce significant tissue accumulation. Except heart and brain, the biopsies showed that inflammatory changes could be observed in liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and testicle of the multi-heavy metal treated rats. These results demonstrate that chronic exposure to a low dose of multi-heavy metal pollutants might be toxic on human body.