肠道卫士肥大细胞及其功能研究进展

Intestinal mast cells and their function

肥大细胞(mast cells,MCs)的发育源于骨髓CD34^+前体细胞,肠道中MCs被激活后,可以释放多种生物活性介质,包括组胺、5-HT、类胰蛋白酶等.MCs因其独特的成熟特性和分泌颗粒的多样性在肠道固有和适应性免疫中均起到了至关重要的作用.多项研究表明,MCs与肠道的多种疾病密切相关,尤其以炎症性肠病、肠易激惹综合征和肠道过敏性疾病受到广泛关注.因此,肠道中MCs的功能及其作用机制在治疗临床相关疾病中的作用不可小觑.

Mast cells develop from the CD34＋ precursor cells in bone marrow, are activated in the gut, and can release a variety of bioactive mediators, including histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and tryptase. They play a crucial role in intestinal innate and adaptive immunity because of their diverse secretory granules and unique mature characteristics. Many studies have shown that a variety of intestinal diseases have close relationship with mast cells, especially inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and intestinal allergic diseases, which has attracted extensive attention. In this paper, we review the function and mechanism of intestinal mast cells and their role in the treatment of related clinical diseases.