从“天游”到“游人之樊”——王船山对庄子处世之道的改造

From “Free Tours” to “Tourists' Mess”——Wang Chuanshan's innovation of Zhuangzi's philosophy of life

为纠正庄子处世之道的逃世主义弊害,王船山在《庄子解》中基于"浑天"的视域,特别拎出《庄子》书中"寓庸"和"随成"两个语词作为关键概念,通过赋予被庄子否弃的人伦物理以天然合理性,推衍出了一种于日用伦常中随在体认"浑天""无游而不逍遥"的处世哲学。而在非常态的涉乱世之术方面,船山主张的"存诸己"所强调的是以心合天,内在地挺立自我生命本体,"存诸人"则是指个体在内养自心之虚和的前提下,既不以己意责求他人,更置外部境遇的吉凶祸福于度外,从而以坚贞的生命姿态傲然立于艰难之世。这种世自昏乱、我自宁定的"两行",彰显了船山以道自守、孤绝无畏的儒家君子人格。

To correct the maladies of escapism in Zhuangz＇s life philosophy,Wang Chuanshan,in his Zhuangzi Jie（Commentary on the book of Zhuangzi）,on the basis of the view of＂Huntian＂（sphere heavens）,with＂Yuyong＂（implied moderation）and＂Suicheng＂（going with the flow）in Zhuangzi as two key concepts,by giving natural rationality to human physics which was denied by Zhuangzi,deduced a new life philosophy which accepted＂huntian＂（sphere heavens）and＂carefree only by travelling＂in daily ethics.In terms of the abnormal art of living in chaos,Wang thought,＂to construct one＇s own civilization＂focuses on conforming to the heaven with heart,and inherently setting up one＇s ontology;＂to construct others＇ civilization＂means that,on the condition of civilizing oneself in peace,neither should one animadvert upon others with one＇s own will,nor care about good and bad fortune of external circumstance,so as to proudly stand in the tough world with a faithful life attitude.This＂liang xing＂（two paths）of keeping calm in chaos（not necessary to know anything about everything）manifests Wang＇s Confucian gentleman personality of keeping to doctrines and fearing nothing alone.