小麦-豆粕型饲粮添加复合酶制剂对肉鸡肠道微生物菌群和酸度的影响

Effect of different levels of compound enzyme preparation added in wheat-soybean meal diet on broiler's gastrointestinal microbial flora and chyme acidity

为研究小麦-豆粕型饲粮添加不同水平复合酶制剂(含木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶、植酸酶)对肉鸡胃肠道微生物菌群和食糜酸度的影响,试验选取720只1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡随机分为6组,1组饲喂小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组(2~6组)分别在基础饲粮中添加1000、1500、2000、2500、3000 mg/kg复合酶制剂,于21 d、42 d检测消化道微生物数量和食糜酸度。结果表明:(1)21 d和42 d肉鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠内容物乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和总厌氧菌数量2~6组均不同程度高于1组。4~6组空肠乳酸杆菌数量较1组高1.59%~3.20%(P<0.05),盲肠较1组高1.09%~3.60%(P<0.05)。十二指肠双歧杆菌数量较1组高2.92%~4.74%(P<0.05),6组空肠较1组高1.78%~2.59%(P<0.05);42 d肉鸡回肠双歧杆菌数量3~6组较1组高1.04%~1.64%(P<0.05),盲肠较1组高0.63%~1.13%(P<0.05)。十二指肠总厌氧菌数量较1组高0.79%~1.37%(P<0.05),回肠较1组高0.97%~2.71%(P<0.05),盲肠较1组高0.83%~2.11%(P<0.05)。(2)21 d和42 d肉鸡肠道各部位大肠杆菌、总需氧菌数量随复合酶添加水平增加均不同程度下降。回肠大肠杆菌数量较1组低0.94%~1.77%(P<0.05或0.01);42 d肉鸡盲肠较1组低0.83%~1.11%(P<0.05或0.01)。十二指肠总需氧菌数量较1组低1.28%~2.07%(P<0.05);4~6组盲肠较1组低1.07%~2.99%(P<0.05);42 d 5~6组空肠较1组低1.76%、1.76%(P<0.05);6组回肠较1组低1.44%(P<0.05)。(3)消化道(嗉囊、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠)食糜pH各试验组较对照组均呈降低趋势(P>0.05)。肉鸡小麦-豆粕型饲粮添加复合酶制剂可优化肠道菌群,提高肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、总厌氧菌数量,降低大肠杆菌、总需氧菌数量,以2000~3000 mg/kg作用效果最好。

To investigate the effect of different levels of compound enzyme preparations（including xylanase,cellulase,beta glucan,phytase） on the gastrointestinal microbial flora and chyme acidity of broilers fed with wheat-soybean meal diets.A total of 720 1 day old AA broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups,1 group was the control fed with wheat-soybean basal diet,test groups（2 ～ 6 groups） were fed with different diets added 1000,1500,2000,2500,3000 mg/kg compound enzyme preparation in the basic diet,respectively.The intestinal microbial populations and chyme acidity in the digestive tract of broilers were detected at 21 d and 42 d.The results showed as follows：（1）The amounts of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium and total anaerobic bacteria in duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum contents of 21 d and 42 d broilers in 2 ～ 6 groups were higher than those of group 1.The amounts of Lactobacillus in jejunum of 4 ～ 6 groups were increased by 1.59% ～ 3.20%respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05）.The cecum was increased by 1.09% ～ 3.60% respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05）.The amounts of Bifidobacterium in duodenum were increased by 2.92% ～4.74% respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05）;the jejunum of group 6 was increased by 1.78% ～2.59% compared with the group 1（P〈0.05）;42 d the ileum 3 ～ 6 groups were increased by 1.04% ～ 1.64%respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05）,the cecum was increased by 0.63% ～ 1.13% respectively compared with the group 1. The amounts of total anaerobic bacteria in duodenum were increased by 0.79% ～1.37% respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05）;the ileum was increased by 1.04% ～ 1.49%respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05）,the cecum was increased by 0.83% ～ 2.11% respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05）.（2）The amounts of Escherichia coli and total aerobic bacteria in different parts of intestine to 21 d and 42 d broilers decreased with level increasing of the compound enzyme preparation.The Escherichia coli in ileum were reduced by 0.94% ～ 1.77% respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05 or 0.01）;42 d the cecum was reduced by 0.83% ～ 1.11% respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05 or 0.01）.The amounts of total aerobic bacteria in duodenum were reduced by 1.28% ～ 2.07% respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05）;the cecum of 4 ～ 6 groups were reduced by 1.07% ～ 2.99% respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05）;42 d the jejunum of 5 ～ 6 groups were reduced by 1.76% and 1.76%;respectively compared with the group 1（P〈0.05）;The ileum of group 6 was reduced by 1.44% compared with the group 1.（3）The pH of chyme in digestive tract（including crop,proventriculus,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum） showed trend of decreasing in test groups compared with the control group（P〈0.05）.The compound enzyme preparation improved the intestinal flora,led to the contents increasing of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,total anaerobic bacteria,while the contents decreasing of Escherichia coli and total aerobic bacteria,the effect of 2000 ～ 3000 mg/kg was the best.