老庄“言、知、行”关系探析

On the Relationship among "Language,Knowledge,Action" of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi

老庄将"言、知、行"和人类个体的局限、机心、欲望联系在一起,导致了"言、知、行"的相互矛盾和疏离。在"言"和"知"的关系上,老庄认为,"知者不言,言者不知",客观上又建言立说以求真知。在"言"和"行"的关系上,老庄表面上言行并抑,但在具体实施中却往往以言为行、以行代言,以言行互补的方式突出言行的客观作用。在"知"和"行"的关系上,老庄主张人类顺应自然、清净无为,以免人类在无穷的感官欲望中利令智昏,导致知行相悖。

Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi created a connection between ＂language,knowledge,action＂ and the limitation,scheming and desire of human individual,making ＂ language,knowledge,action＂ conflicting with and estranged from each other. In the relationship of ＂ language＂ and ＂ knowledge＂,Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi considered that people who know don＇t say while people who say don＇t know,and objectively advocated building one＇s own theory to seek for truth. In the relationship of ＂ language＂ and ＂ action＂,it seems that Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi restrained both of them,actually,they promoted them in specific practice,protruding the objective function of them in a way of complementation. In the relationship of ＂ knowledge＂ and ＂ action＂,Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi argued that human beings should conform to nature and do nothing to it,so that human beings would not be dizzy in their infinite sensory desires,which would lead to the conflict between ＂ knowledge＂ and ＂ action＂.