开窗行为规律及其对室内PM2.5浓度的影响研究

Study on Behavior of Residents and Influence on Concentration of Indoor Particles

本文以上海市一典型住户为例,长期监测居住建筑室内的PM2.5浓度,温湿度以及住户开关窗行为。调查居住建筑在自然通风状态下室内的PM2.5质量浓度水平,分析开关窗对室内PM2.5质量浓度的影响。研究发现:住户在冬季及春季前期开窗时间集中在8:00左右,且开窗时长低于1 h,当室外温度持续高于11℃左右时,住户一天内开窗次数增多,开窗时间集中在8:00和16:00左右,而开窗时长也相应增加为1~4 h。做饭的影响导致住户室内PM2.5日变化规律呈现双/三峰特性,室外逐时变化规律则在冬季呈现单峰(峰值出现在9:00左右),春季峰值不明显。开窗之前,室内PM2.5浓度若远远低于室外浓度时,开窗将使室内PM2.5浓度升高,并逐渐接近室外浓度。开窗之前,室内PM2.5浓度保持升高/下降的趋势或是室内外浓度相差不大的情况下,开关窗户对室内PM2.5浓度几乎无影响。

This paper takes a typical household in Shanghai as an example to monitor the indoor PM2.5 concentration,temperature,humidity and the behavior of windowing.The quality concentration of PM2.5 in the living buildings was investigated and the influence of windowing on the concentration of PM2.5 was analyzed.Finally,it was found that residents in the winter and early spring will open the windows around 8：00,and the condition continues less than 1 hour.When outdoor temperature is higher than 11 ℃ or so,the time of opening windows increases,opening windows occurs around 8：00 and 16：00,and the condition continues 1~4 hours; The influence of cooking has led to the change of indoor PM2.5 daily,which is a double/tri-peak characteristic.The change rule of the outdoor time is a single peak in winter,which appears at around 9：00,and the spring peak is not obvious.Before opening the window,the indoor PM2.5 concentration will raise and gradually close to the outdoor concentration if the indoor PM2.5 concentration is far below the outdoor concentration.Before opening window,indoor PM2.5 concentration maintains rise/fall trend.And windowing has little effect on indoor PM2.5 concentration when there is little difference between indoor and outdoor concentration.