诺颜呼图克图案件考述

The Research of Nuo Yan Khutukhtu Case

乾隆五十九年,喀尔喀地方大喇嘛诺颜呼图克图与哲布尊丹巴呼图克图所属喇嘛鼎金发生争执,并将其杀死。此案发生于乾隆帝推行金瓶掣签之初,为了借助诺颜呼图克图杀人事件以达到其整饬藏传佛教流弊,确保金瓶掣签制度在蒙藏地区得到执行的政治目的,乾隆帝以自己的专制权力干预地方官员的司法裁决。此案中,乾隆帝的判决依据主要是政治方面的考量而非法律。乾隆帝剥夺了诺颜呼图克图转世之权,这是继沙玛尔巴呼图克图被剥夺活佛转世之权之后的第二起藏传佛教高僧被剥夺转世之权的例子。通过此案,乾隆帝再次向藏传佛教上层、蒙古王公贵族传达了自己整饬藏传佛教的决心。

The great Lama Nuoyan Khutukhtu in Khalkha had an argument with Dingjing,who was in the charge of Jebtsundamba Khutukhtu,and killed him in the end. This matter caused the attention of Emperor Qianlong.In order to achieve the purpose of reforming Buddhism,Qianlong intervened the judicial adjudication through his own autocratic power. In this case,the decision of Qianlong was based on the political consideration instead of the law. Qianlong deprived the rights of Nuo Yan khutuktu reincarnation,which is the second time to deprive the rights of Tibetan Buddhist reincarnation after Sharmalba Khutukhtu. Again,Qianlong expressed his determination of reforming Buddhism to the upper level of Tibetan Buddhism and the nobility of Mongolia.