煤基活性炭超级电容器的原料优化及工艺探讨

Optimization of Raw Materials and Discussion of Process on Coal-based Activated Carbon Supercapacitor

为制备煤基活性炭超级电容器,选褐煤、焦煤、无烟煤三种典型煤种为原料,以盐(KCl)、碱(KHCO_3)、酸(H_3PO_4)为活化剂,探索煤种和活化剂的优化组合。通过电性能测试结果表明:KHCO_3制备活性炭超级电容器性能最好;在KHCO_3作为活化剂,褐煤、焦煤、无烟煤作原料条件下,褐煤制备的活性炭超级电容器性能最优,随活化温度的升高其比表面积先增大后减小,550℃时活性炭制备超级电容器性能最佳,比表面积最高达360 m^2/g,比电容量和充放电效率最高分别为73 F/g和62.3%,经过10次循环后,容量保持率最高为70%。

In order to prepare supercapacitor of coal-based activated carbon, three typical kinds of coal which were lignite, coking coal and anthracite were selected as raw materials. Salt （ KC1） , alkali （KHC03） and acid （ H3 P04 ） were activator so that the optimum combination of coal and activator was studyed. Electrical properties of activated carbon supercapacitor using KHC03 were the best by the results of electrical properties test. The properties of activated carbon supercapacitors prepared by lignite were optimal under the conditions of KHC03 as activator, lignite, coking coal and anthracite as raw material.As the temperature increased, surface area of activated carbon increased first and then decreased. Condenser performance of activated carbon supercapacitor was the best when temperature was 550 Tl . XRD diffraction pattern was the steamed bun peak corresponding amorphous carbon structure, the maximum surface area was 360 m2/g, maximum capacity and discharge efficiency were 73 F/g and 62. 3% respectively, the maximum capacity was 70% after 10 cycles when lignite was raw material, KHC03 was activator, activation temperature was 550 Tl.