性别视角下的“农转非”路径及其收入回报 基于CGSS2008—2013数据的实证研究

Gendered Pathways to Rural-to-Urban Hukou Conversion and Income Returns in China's Mainland:An Analysis Based on CGSS2008—2013Data

本研究基于CGSS2008—2013数据,在时间维度下构建赫克曼二阶段选择模型和纳入交叉项的多元回归模型来考察男女两性之间"农转非"的差异化路径及变迁,及其带来的收入回报差异。在计量分析之前,本文以2008年数据为基数对收入进行了标准化处理以平衡时间跨度带来的货币购买力差异。数据结果表明,男性主要通过升学、招工等选择性方式实现"农转非",女性则更多地通过征地、婚姻等政策性方式实现"农转非";但改革开放之后,女性通过选择性方式实现"农转非"的比例明显上升。在收入回报层面,女性"农转非"带来的相对收入回报显著高于男性,但这一效应只存在于具有高度选择性的"农转非"群体中;此外,非农户口的收入回报效应在户籍改革得以深化发展的当下逐渐式微,并且就男性而言,这种削弱作用更明显。最后,文章基于现代化进程中社会性别角色观念转变的解释框架对计量研究结果进行了系统阐释。

This study is a quantitative investigation of gendered pathways to rural-to-urban hukou conversion and income return using the Heckman selection model and multiple regression analysis with interaction terms based on the data from the CGSS（2008 2013）. It attempts to help further understand the context of the ongoing household registration system reform in China. We use the 2008 purchasing power as a standardized measure for this study. The results indicate that men achieve the rural to urban hukou transition mainly through selective mobility tools such as education and job recruitment, while women depend more on policy programs such as land resettlement and marriage. However, the proportion of rural women who obtain urban hukou through selective mobility means increased significantly since China＇ s reform. As for the income return of rural-urban hukou conversion,the study shows that within the group of conversion by selective mobility means, women score higher than men. In addition, the income return effect of rural-urban hukou conversion declines as time passes. A significant decline is espedally noticed for men as the household registration reform deepens. Our study provides a systematic analysis of quantitative results through the lens of gender role changes in the modernization process of China, and discusses difficulties and potential conflicts faring the future reform of the Chinese household registration system.