从汉字流变规律分析“假借字”“通假字”和“古今字”的异同

Analysis of the Similarities and Differences between “Borrowed Words” “Common False Words” and “Archaic and Modern Words” from the Rule of Chinese Characters' Developing

长期以来,辨析"假借字""通假字"和"古今字"等概念之间的关系,一直是困扰古代汉语学界的一道难题。本文拟引入西方语言学的"能指、所指"概念,通过案例辨析指明"假借"为"形声"晋升为主流造字法之前的"六书"造字法,而"通假"则为"形声"晋升为主流造字法之后的特殊用字法;"假借""通假"概念适用于阐述汉字流变的发展规律,而"古今字"概念则重在阐明不同时期对于某一"所指"概念主流用字习惯之差异。在这一基础上,本文提议,编纂相关工具书来彻底理清"假借字""通假字"和"古今字"概念,规范不同概念的标识文字,以期对学人治学以及古代汉语教学有所助益。

It has been a difficult problem to distinguish the relationship between the concepts such as “borrowed words”, “common false words” and “chaic and modem words” for a long time. This paper intends to introduce western linguistics “signified and signifier” concept,through case analysis indicate ‘binder the guise of , for “echoism promoted to mainstream before the word” word “ Chinese”,and “ loan” is for “ echoism” promotion for the mainstream after word of special words method; “Under the guise of ,and “ loan” concept is applicable to the rheological rule of development of Chinese characters,and the concept of ^ancient and modem words＊＊ seriously to illustrate different periods for a concept of deferred to5＇ the mainstream words used. On the basis of this, the article proposed that compiling relevant reference books to thoroughly 〈tunder the guise of the word＊＊ and 〈（loan characters” and “archaic and modem words” concept, specification different identity of the concept of text, in order to economist research as well as the ancient Chinese teaching is beneficial to help.