“行道之儒”的从祀之路——以陆贽、韩琦从祀孔庙为中心的考察

Confucianism of Practitioners: An Investigation on the Worship of Luzhi and Hanqi

孔庙从祀制度意在表彰孔门弟子及后世贤儒接续儒学"道统"者,这一制度在唐代正式形成。清代以前,从祀孔庙者多有传经传道之功,以其道德文章名世。及至清代中后期,各种矛盾交织,内忧外患频仍,于是世人越发看重儒者的治世之业,企望能有治世名臣来挽狂澜于既倒,扶大厦之将倾。这一心态在孔庙从祀制度中得到了充分表现,因而从祀贤儒中又出现了一个新的范畴——"行道之儒",也就是行孔子之大道于世的名臣也得以从祀孔庙。陆贽与韩琦等经世名臣先后得以从祀孔庙即是明证。但陆贽、韩琦自被提议从祀到最终从祀成功,经历了一个较为漫长的过程,这与清代政局变化密切相关。

Formally formed in the Tang Dynasty,the worship system of Confucius Temple intends to commend the disciples of Confucius and the sages who can carry on Confucianism. Before the Qing Dynasty,scholars worshiping in Confucius Temple contributed to the spread of Confucianism,well-known for their spirits and articles. During the late Qing Dynasty,with internal and external problems,common people increasingly valued the practical use of Confucianism; wishing one could change the current situation. Confucianism practitioners like Lu Zhi and Han Qi emerging in the worship system of Confucius Temple fully demonstrated this mentality,which means famous ministers who practice Confucianism seriously could also be worshiped in Confucius Temple. However,this has experienced a long process from putting forward proposal to receiving permission. Certainly,it relates closely to the change of Qing＇s political situation.