乡村振兴战略:历史沿循、总体布局与路径省思

Rural Vitalization: History,Overall Layout and Reflections on Paths

在中国近百年的乡土重建探索中,无论是乡村建设运动、社会主义新农村建设抑或是乡村振兴战略,始终离不开对"发展"议题的关注。乡村建设运动关注的是"乡村如何实现发展"的问题;社会主义新农村建设回答的是"乡村如何更快发展"的问题;而乡村振兴战略则强调"乡村如何更好发展"的问题。追随"发展"议题的切换,乡村振兴战略已经调整"城市主义"的发展模式,而重视城乡融合基础上的农业农村优先发展,乡村振兴战略也以"升级版"的内容要求对"三农"各子系统作出总体部署。在具体落实乡村振兴战略时应注意坚守"五不"原则,即乡村振兴不是"去小农化"、不是乡村过度产业化、不能盲目推进土地流转、不能消灭农民生活方式差异、不能轻视基层"三农"工作,应在坚持乡村和农民主体地位的基础上实现农业农村与现代化发展的有机结合。

Concerns of"development"have been lingering on in the pursuit of reconstructing rural China in the past century,ranging from rural construction movement in the 1920s—1930s and the construction of a new socialist countryside in the 2000s to rural vitalization in recent years.Rural construction movement focuses on"how to develop rural areas";the construction of a new socialist countryside strives to know"how to develop rural areas faster";whereas the rural vitalization strategy emphasizes"how to develop rural areas better".With the shifts of the focus in seeking for development,the rural vitalization strategy moves from"urbanism"to a preference to agriculture and rural areas based on the notion of urban-rural integration.The rural vitalization strategy is upgraded,requiring a general plan pertaining to agriculture,rural areas and rural people.However,five points should be noticed in its actual implementation:(1)rural vitalization does not mean de-peasantization;(2)it does not mean over-industrialization in rural areas;(3)land transfer should not be encouraged blindly;(4)peasant way of life should not be dismissed;(5)the work on agriculture,rural areas and rural people at the grass-root level should not be ignored.An organic combination of agriculture and rural areas with the development of modernization should be achieved,and the dominant role of rural areas and the peasants should be maintained.