分离障碍的核心特征与治疗

Core symptoms and treatments of dissociative disorders

在DSM-5中,分离障碍的代表性疾病是分离性身份障碍、分离性遗忘及人格解体/现实解体障碍。这组障碍的共同风险是创伤性或应激性事件。分离障碍引起个体正常的、整合的感知觉、身份、记忆与意识等的中断或不连续。分离性身份障碍患者存在以2个及上人格状态为特征的身份瓦解;分离性遗忘症的个体没有能力回忆起重要的关于自我经历的信息;人格解体/现实解体障碍患者存在持久或反复发作的对自身或环境的不真实感或分离的体验。分离障碍的治疗方法包括使用精神活性药物、心理咨询等。

Based on DSM-5 common and representative dissociative disorders include dissociative identity disorder,dissociative amnesia,and depersonalization/derealization disorder,etc. Exposure to traumatic or stressful events are common risk factors for these disorders. These disorders cause a disruption and/or discontinuity of normal integrated perception,identity,memory and awareness of the individual. Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by two or more distinct personality states. Dissociative amnesia is characterized by inability to recall autobiographical information. Depersonalization/dereallzation disorder has persistent or recurrent experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to self and surroundings. Psychotropic medication and psychotherapy are the primary methods of treating dissociative disorders.