双边拆卸线平衡问题建模与优化

Modeling and Optimization for Two-sided Disassembly Line Balancing Problems

针对实际作业中部分产品采用双边拆卸,但已有拆卸线平衡问题研究中工作站均为单边布局的不足,建立了多目标双边拆卸线平衡问题模型。解码时,将任务优先分配至工作站较少的边、次优先分配至剩余时间较多的工作站,以缩短输送路径和工作站空闲时间。针对所建立模型,提出一种Pareto蝙蝠算法,引入Pareto思想以保证解的多样性;采用精英策略有效加速算法的收敛;通过拥挤距离筛选外部档案以提高算法运行效率。通过求解经典算例并对比分析,验证了所提出算法的有效性。将所建模型应用于拆卸线设计,能为决策者提供多种高质量的平衡方案。

In view of the shortages that the previous disassembly line balancing problems all set the workstation in the same way but some products adopted two-sided disassembly in actual productions, a model of multi-objective two-sided disassembly line balancing problems was built. To reduce the transport path and idle time of workstations, the tasks were assigned to the sides whose workstation numbers were low prior, then considering the workstations whose remaining time was ample. A Pareto bat algorithm was put forward to solve the two-sided disassembly line balancing problems, Pareto was introduced to save the diversity of the solutions, the adoption of elitism strategy speeded up the convergence rate of the algorithm effectively, the operating efficiency of the proposed algorithm was improved by the adoption of crowded distance to external files. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified by testing the classic problems and comparing with other algorithms. The two-sided model was applied to design the disassembly lines, and the results may provide various balancing programs with high quality.