深松(耕)时机与方式对土壤物理性状和玉米产量的影响

Effects of Time and Pattern of Deep Tillage(Subsoiling) on Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yield

设计秋季旋耕+夏季免耕(对照)、秋季深松+夏季免耕、秋季深耕+夏季免耕、秋季深耕+夏季下位深松和秋季深耕+夏季侧位深松共5个处理,研究深松(耕)时机与方式对砂姜黑土土壤紧实度、土壤容重、土壤含水量、玉米干质量和产量的影响,筛选砂姜黑土区适宜的深松(耕)时机和方式。结果表明,秋季深松+夏季免耕、秋季深耕+夏季免耕和秋季深耕+夏季深松处理能显著降低土壤紧实度和土壤容重,增加土壤含水量,促进玉米地上部生长,进而增加玉米产量。秋季深耕+夏季深松处理对土壤耕层的改良效果和玉米产量均高于秋季深松+夏季免耕和秋季深耕+夏季免耕。5个处理中,以秋季深耕+夏季侧位深松处理对土壤耕层特性的改良效果最好,玉米地上部干质量和产量最高。秋季深耕+夏季侧位深松处理的土壤紧实度和土壤容重比秋季旋耕+夏季免耕处理分别降低29.0%和12.7%,土壤含水量增加7.8%,玉米产量增加15.5%。在5个不同的深松(耕)时机和方式处理中,秋季深耕+夏季侧位深松处理对土壤的改良效果最好,玉米产量最高。因此,秋季深耕+夏季侧位深松是砂姜黑土区适宜的深松(耕)时机和方式。

Five treatments,namely,rotary tillage in autumn ＋ no-tillage in summer（ ART ＋ SNT,CK）,subsoiling in autumn ＋ no-tillage in summer（ ASS ＋ SNT）,deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn ＋ notillage in summer（ ADT ＋ SNT）,deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn and sublevel subsoiling in summer（ ADT ＋ SSSS）,deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn and lateral subsoiling in summer（ ADT ＋SSSL） were carried out to investigate the effect of time and pattern of deep tillage（ subsoiling） on soil density,soil bulk density,soil moisture,dry matter accumulation and yield of maize,and identify the suitable tillage system in lime concretion black soil. The results showed that,ASS ＋ SNT,ADT ＋ SNT andADT ＋ SSS significantly reduced soil density and soil bulk density,increased soil moisture,promoted plant growth of maize,thus increased maize yield. The improvement effects on soil character of ADT ＋ SSS treatment was better than single deep tillage in autumn. In the five treatments,the improvement effects on soil physical characters of ADT ＋ SSSL treatment was the best,and the dry matter accumulation and yield were the highest. The soil penetration resistance and soil bulk density of ADT ＋ SSSL treatment were 29. 0% and 12. 7%,respectively,lower than that of ART ＋ SNT treatment,while the soil moisture and maize yield of ADT ＋ SSSL treatment were 7. 8% and 15. 5%,respectively,higher than that of ART ＋SNT treatment. In the five treatments of different deep tillage time and pattern,the improvement effects on soil physical characters and maize yield of ADT ＋ SSSL treatment was the highest. Thus,the deep mouldboard ploughing in autumn combined with lateral subsoiling in summer was the suitable time and pattern of deep tillage in lime concretion black soil.